Listening

The process of analyzing the sounds, organizing them into

recognizable patterns, interpreting the patterns and
understanding the message by inferring the meaning.
 Introduction
• Listening is a significant part of communication process. Communication cannot take place until
and unless a message is heard and retained thoroughly and positively by the receivers/listeners.
• Many of the problems we experience with people are primarily attributable to ineffective
listening or lack of listening.
• Good listening skills are the foundation of effective human relations.
• Good listeners can be good negotiators and can handle crisis situations successfully.
• Listening is a significant part of communication process. Communication cannot take place until
and unless a message is heard and retained thoroughly and positively by the receivers/listeners.
• Listening is a dynamic process. 
 Importance of Listening
• Communication is not complete without effective listening.
• An attentive listener stimulates better speaking by the speaker.
• A good listener learns more than an indifferent listener.
• A good listener can restructure vogue speaking in a way that produces
clearer meaning.
• A good listener learns to detect prejudices, assumptions and attitudes
 …….
To improve your communication skills, you must learn to listen
effectively. Effective listening gives you an advantage and
makes you more impressive when you speak. It also boosts your
performance.
 HURIER Model of Listening

H – Hearing
Not only does it refer to the physical act of hearing, but also to picking up on non-verbal and other signals; tone of
voice, body language and facial expressions, for example.
U – Understanding
Once the message has been ‘heard’, the next step is to understand. This means tying together all the element of
‘hearing’ to create a coherent understanding of what was communicated. 
R – Remembering
Remembering requires focus. An effective listener needs to be able to remember the message they are receiving in
its entirety.
I – Interpreting
Interpretation of the message builds on, and enhances, understanding.  Interpretation means considering factors
such as the context in which the message was sent.
E – Evaluating
Evaluate all the information and only then start to formulate a response.
R – Responding
Process

Researchers have found that 25% of what most people listen to can be recalled. Of that 25%, 80% is
distorted or not received accurately; this leaves only 5% of the total message accurately received. 

https://rajanurunnadiah.wordpress.com/2010/04/26/types-of-listening/
 Types of Listening
• Appreciative listening – entertainment and relaxation.
• Discriminative listening – single out one particular sound from a
noisy environment.
• Empathic listening – encourages people to talk freely without fear
of embarrassment (sounding boards).
• Critical listening – evaluate what is said as either a true fact, logical,
worthwhile, or has value.
• Deliberative – drawing a conclusion based on factual information
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/atd-fscj-publicspeaking/chapter/types-of-listening/
Empathic Listening
• Empathic listening involves attempting to understand the feelings and emotions of the speaker 
During this type of listening you are trying to identify with the speaker by understanding the situation
in which he/she is discussing.
• Usually during this type of listening you want to be fully present in the moment or mindfully listening
to what the speaker is saying.
• Your goal during this time is to focus on the speaker, not on yourself. You are trying to understand
from the speaker’s perspective.

Comprehensive Listening
• If you are watching the news, listening to a lecture, or getting directions from someone, you are
listening to understand or listening to comprehend the message that is being sent.
• This process is active.
• In class, you should be focused, possibly taking notes of the speaker’s main ideas.
• Identifying the structure of the speech and evaluating the supports he/she offers as evidence.
• This is one of the more difficult types of listening because it requires you to not only concentrate
but to actively participate in the process.
• The more you practice listening to comprehend, the stronger listener you become.
Appreciative Listening
• When you listen for appreciation you are listening for enjoyment.
• Think about the music you listen to. You usually listen to music because you enjoy it.

• Some common types of appreciative listening can be found in sermons from places of worship, from a
motivational speech by people we respect or hold in high regard, or even from a standup comedian who
makes us laugh.

Critical Listening
• Have you ever had to buy an expensive item, such as a new appliance, a car, a cell phone, or an iPad?You
probably did some research beforehand and listened closely to the salesperson when you went to
compare brands.

• Critical listening is listening to evaluate the content of the message. As a critical listener you are listening
to all parts of the message, analyzing it, and evaluating what you heard.

• When engaging in critical listening, you are also critically thinking. You are making mental judgments
based on what you see, hear, and read. Your goal as a critical listener is to evaluate the message that is
being sent and decide for yourself if the information is valid.
 Common Barriers to Listening

• Trying to listen to more than one conversation at a time,

• You find the communicator attractive/unattractive 
• You are not interested 
• Not focusing 

• Feeling unwell or tired, hungry, thirsty or needing to use the toilet.

• Identifying rather than empathizing - 
• Sympathizing rather than empathizing -
• You are prejudiced or biased 

• You have preconceived ideas or bias -

• You make judgements,
• Previous experiences –
• Having a Closed Mind
 Effective v/s ineffective listening
We were given two eras but one mouth because listening is twice as hard as talking

Effective ineffective

• Actively Look for something of interest • Tune out mentally

• Focus on content, not style • Judge the delivery
• Listen for main ideas & their
organization
• Listen for facts rater than main
ideas/organization
• Vary note- taking tools according to
content • Do not vary tools base on content
• Work Hard, Maintain active body • Are passive mentally give un
posture. easily.
 Speaking
Public speaking is the process of transferring information from a
speaker to an audience, all through an instilled methodology.
 Speaking Type

• Speaking to Inform (informative, argumentative speech)

• Speaking to Persuade, Motivate, or Take
Action(persuasive, argumentative, controversial, policy speeches)
• Speaking to Entertain (funny, special occasion speeches)
 To Inform

When the speaker is presenting interesting facts or

lessons to the audience, or explain how to go
about doing something. This could be a teaching
lecturing about the Civil War, a student giving an
oral report or showing how to decorate a cake or
set up a blog, a museum docent explaining the
history of painting, or a doctor explaining a
procedure.

This type of public speaking focuses on explaining a concept or idea to the audience.

 To persuade, Motivate, or Take Action

This is when the speaker will try influencing the

audience in some way. The speaker might be trying to
change your mind about something, to persuade you to
change your opinion, to motivate to change a behavior,
or to take action. Some examples are explaining the
benefits of a non-profit for the purpose of eliciting
donations, trying to get people to change bad eating
habits by explaining all the benefits of eating healthily or
attempting to convince people to vote against a candidate
in an election.
Persuasive speaking is the act of convincing members of your audience to do something, based on them
agreeing with your viewpoint.
 To Entertain 

This type of speaking is often found at events like

banquets, weddings, or dinners. The speaker is usually
sharing a funny story or other anecdotal information.
Some examples of this would be the best man speech at
a wedding or an after-dinner speech given by a host of a
party to thank guests for coming. They could also be
planned as entertainment at an event. Topics are usually
humorous and light and could serve a very specific
purpose, like introducing a featured guest or giving a
toast.
Ceremonial speeches are all about giving speeches during special occasions (such as weddings, birthdays,
graduations, and so on).
Types of speeches and tips for their delivery
• Reading from Manuscript
• Most common way to deliver a speech
by politician using some teleprompter
and other lectures reading there
presentation in front of audiences
• Memorize
• Memorize your speech ahead of time
and deliverer in front of audience.
• Done not required critical thinking
• Impromptu
• Unplanned speech,
• Have a very limited amount of time
to get there ideas organized and
asked them to deliver.
• Extemporaneous
• Not Manuscript but need critical
analysis while delivering speech.
Thank You