EYE INFECTION

/INFLAMMATION

Presented to: Ma'm

Samara
:Presented by
Amina Sahar Syeda Masooma
Shazza Akmal Priya Anjum
Hira khalid
OBJECTIVES
.Review anatomy and physiology of eye 
Differentiate between the signs and 
.symptoms of different eye infections
Utilize nursing prcoces while caring for 
.patients with different iinfections
Discuss different medical treatment for 
blephritis, Chalazia, Trachoma, Hordeolum
.and Conjuctivits
ANATOMY OF THE EYE
GLANDS OF EYE
Zeis's Gland: Sebaceous glands located in 
.close association with cilia
Moll's Gland: Sweat glands lie between the 
cilia
Meibomian Gland: Enormously developed 
sebaceous glands embedded in tarsal plate,
produce oily secretions that lubricate the
eye
 INFLAMMATORY
DISEASES OF EYE
BLEPHARITIS 
CHALAZION 
TRACHOMA 
HORDEOLUM 
CONJUNCTIVITIS 
BLEPHARITIS
 INTRODUCTION
 It is chronic bilateral inflammation of the eye
lids characterized by crusting,scaling and
reddening of eyelids.
CAUSES OF BLEPHARITIS
Seborrheic dermatitis — dandruff of the scalp and 
eyebrows
A bacterial infection 

Malfunctioning oil glands in your eyelid 

Rosacea — a skin condition which is characterized 
by facial redness
Allergies 

Eyelash mites or lice 

Certain medication — the severe acne medication 

isotretinoin (Amnesteem, Claravis, Sotret) can
lead to an increase in bacteria on the eyelids and
.can affect tear production
CLASSIFICATION
  CLINICAL PRESENTATION
 Burning, grittiness and mild photophobia
with scarring, stickiness and notching
(tylosis) of the lid margin , trichiasis
(misdirected eyelashes), madarosis (loss of
lashes) or poliosis (loss of pigmentation of
lashes)
 Redness, itching, dry eye
 Chronic conjunctival hyperemia with mild
papillary conjunctivitis .
 Seborrhoeic blepharitis

Shiny anterior lid margin • Greasy scales •

Hyperaemia of lid margin • Lashes stuck together •
 DIAGNOSIS
 The diagnosis of blepharitis is clinical, based
on the patient's history and physical
examination findings. There are no
confirmatory diagnostic tests or laboratory
investigations.

 The history should include questions about

symptom duration, smoking, allergens, contact
lenses, and use of retinoids which may provoke
or exacerbate symptoms. A history of acne,
rosacea, or eczema should be evaluated .
  EXTERNAL EXAMINATION
 The patient's facial and scalp skin should be
examined for findings typical of seborrheic
dermatitis (itching and flaking scalp or facial skin).
 Inspect skin using slit lamp microscope or
maginfying glass with bright light.
TREATMENT
CHALAZION
INTRODUCTION
Chalazion is also called tarsal cyst or 
meibomian cyst. It is sterile inflammatory
process involving chronic granulomatous
.inflammation of the meibomian gland
The granular tissue is replaced by giant cells, 
polymorphonuclear cells,plasma cells and
histocytes indicating reaction to chronic
.irritation due to occluded meibomian gland
.It is more often seen in adults 
CAUSES OF CHALAZION
Acne rosacea 
Chronic blepahritis( often from excess 
bacteria)
Viral infection 
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
:Symptoms
Hard painless swelling little away from left 
.margin
.Having a scratchy feeling 
.Mild heaviness in the lid 
.Watering(epiphora) 
.Blurred vision occasionally 
:Signs

On conjunctival side swelling appear red or 

purple. In long standing lesions it appears
.Grey
.Swelling 4-5mm away from margin 
Chalazion may become smaller over period of 
.time
DIAGNOSIS
Patient history : to determine symptoms and 
.the presence of related health problems
External examination of the eye : includes 
lid structure, skin texture
Evaluation of the lid margins: base of the 
eyelashes and oil gland openings using bright
.light and magnification
TREATMENT
Medical Management
Intraleison injection of triamcinolone 
acetonide may help in resolution of
.chalazion
Incision and curette is indicated when it 
.causes mechanical ptosis due to its weight
 Nursing Management
Application of warm, damp compress, 
typically a clean washcloth, for 10-15
minutes, four to six times a day.It helps to
.loosen the oil that are clogging the duct
Regular cleaning of the eyelid to reduce oil 
.buildup
Gently massaging can help oil ducts drain 
.more effectively
TRACHOMA
INTRODUCTION
."Greek word for "rough 
It is contagious infection of the cornea and 
conjuctiva characterized by the presence of
follicles and papillary hypertrophy of the
.conjuctiva
DIAGNOSIS
Each case must have at least two of these 
following signs
Follicles at the upper tarsal conjuctiva .1
Herbert's pit .2
Typical conjuctival scar .3
.Vascular pannus mostly at upper limbus .4
CAUSES
Causative agent: Chlamydia trachomatis 

Dry, dirty and sandy weather 

Eye-seeking flies 
Use of kajal or surma from the same 
container
Unhygienic condition 
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
Symptoms
Foreign body sensation or grittiness 

Itching 
Watering, photophobia 

Signs
Bulbar congestion 
Velvety papillary hypertrophy 
Follicles mostly seen in upper tarsal 
TREATMENT
Medical treatment
Topical- Tetracycline (1%) eye ointment or 
sulphacetamide(20-30%) eye drops-4 time a
.day for 6 weeks
Systemic - Tetracycline or erythromycin 
(250mg) orally, four times daily for 3-4
weeks
 Nursing management
Improvement of personal hygiene and 
environmental sanitation
The use of common towel, handkerchief, 
.surma rods should be discouraged
Patient education regarding facial cleanliness 
to prevent disease transmission
HORDEOLUM
INTRODUCTION
It is acute infection of the glands of the 
eyelid caused by staphylococcus aureus. The
lid is red and edematous with accumulation
.of pus in the form of abscess
Hordeolum " is Latin word for "barley", the" 
appearance of which a hordeolem can
.resemble
It has two types 
Hordeolum Externum .i
Hordeolum Internum .ii
HORDEOLUM EXTERNUM
(STYLE)
Localized inflammation of gland of zeis's at 
.lid margin at ciliary follicle

: Etiology
Causative agent is staphylococcus aureus •
Common in young adults and debilitated •
person
Habitual rubbing of eye •
Chronic blephritis, diabetes mellitus •
Excessive alcohol intake •
HORDEOLUM INTERNUM
It is suppurative inflammation of meibomian 
gland. This condition is more symptomatic
than stye.The gland become larger and is
.located in fibrous tarsal plate

: Etiology
Occurs due to secondary infection ( occurs •
during or after treatment of other
.infections) of chalazion
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
Symptoms
Acute pain 
Mild watering 
Photophobia 

Signs
Stage of cellulitis : Localized, firm, 
tenderness of eyelid margins with oedema
Stage of abscess formation : Visible pus 
points on the lid margins
TREATMENT
Medical Management
Antibiotic ointment (bacitracin Or 
erythromycin) is applied to lid every 3 hours
.during acute phase
Surgical Incision to drain large abscess (if 
.resolution does not begin within 48 hours)
Systemic antibiotics to control infection 
Systemic anti-inflammatory and analgesics 
to control edema
Nursing Management
Cellulitis Stage: Hot compresses given for 10 
.- 4 minutes, two to three times a day
Abscess stage: Evacuation of pus by epiliating 
.the involved cilia
CONJUNCTIVITIS
INTRODUCTION
.Common ocular disorder worldwide 
Inflammation of conjunctiva characterized by 
pink appearance (hence the common term
.pink eye is ued)
Infection usually start in one eye and spreads 
.to the other eye
CAUSES
Allergy 
Chemical irritants 
Deliberate self harm (excessive rubbing) 

Microbial infection (e.g Chlamydia) 

CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
Symptoms
Foreign body sensation 
Scratching or burning sensation 

Itching 
Photophobia 

Signs
Discharge (mucopurulent, watery) 
Conjunctival reaction (follicular or papillary) 
Presence of pseudomembrane or true membrane 

Hyperemia 
CLASSIFICATION
DIAGNOSIS
Physical examination of eye 
Eye secretion sample for laboratory analysis 
of the patient have a very severe case of
conjunctivitis, if the cornea is affected or if
.person have repeated infections
TREATMENT
Medical Management
Antibiotic eye drops or eye ointments(for 
children) in case of bacterial infection
Viral conjunctivitis may resolve in two to 
three weeks.In severe cases antiviral
.medications are prescribed
Antihistamines, anti-inflammatory are 
prescribed in case of allergic reactions to
.reduce inflammation
Nursing Management
Clean the eye by using water and cotton 
.swabs, from inner canthus to outer canthus
Advice patient to use dark sunglasses, in 
presence of Photophobia
Educate the patient to avoid excessive 
.rubbing of the eyes
.Apply a heat compress to the eye 
THANK
YOU