VISINE

Amelia Bennett
 STRUCTURE
Visine is made up of thirteen carbon, sixteen hydrogen, and two Nitrogen.

C13 H 16 N 2
 MOLECULAR MASS OF
Element Number of Mol. Molar Mass
C 13 12.011
H 16 1.008
N 2 14.007

Element Molar Mass of All Mol.

C 156.143
H 16.128
N 28.014

𝑔
MM C H16 N 2 =200.285
13
𝑚𝑜𝑙 .
 IF A PRESCRIPTION READS 1.5% W/V, HOW MANY GRAMS OF YOUR MEDICATION WOULD BE
DELIVERED BY A 250 CC DOSAGE?

751.0687 𝑔 C 13 H 16 N 2
delivered ∈a 250 𝑐𝑐 dosage
IF A PATIENT INGESTS 400 MG OF MEDICINE, HOW MANY ATOMS OF YOUR SPECIFIC ELEMENT ARE
THEY TAKING IN?
 IN ORDER TO OBTAIN 15 GRAMS OF YOUR PARTICULAR ELEMENT, WHAT NUMBER OF MOLECULES OF
YOUR MEDICINE MUST BE INGESTED BY THE PATIENT?

( )( )( )
1𝑚𝑜𝑙. 1𝑚𝑜𝑙. 23
C H N 6.02214×10 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑐
15𝑔 𝑁 13 16 2
=3.226𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑐 C H 16 N 2
14 𝑔 1𝑚𝑜𝑙. 𝑁 1𝑚𝑜𝑙. 13

3.226 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑐 .C 13 H 16 N 2
ingested .
 ASSUMING YOUR MEDICINE CAN BE DELIVERED ORALLY, HOW MANY CUBIC CENTIMETERS OF A 2:500
W/V SOLUTION ARE NEEDED TO PREPARE 13 LITERS OF A 1:2000 W/V SOLUTION?

( )( )( )( )( )
3
1𝑚𝑜𝑙 . 2000 𝑤 /𝑣 2𝑚𝑜𝑙 . 1𝑐𝑚 1𝑐𝑚 3
13 𝐿 =4.643 𝑐𝑚
22.4 𝐿 1𝑚𝑜𝑙 . 500 𝑤 /𝑣 1𝑚𝑜𝑙 . 1𝑐𝑚
 FIND CLARK’S RULE AND USE IT TO SOLVE THIS SITUATION.  A 6 YEAR OLD CHILD WEIGHS 42 POUNDS. 
THE ADULT DOSE OF YOUR MEDICINE IS 375 MG.  WHAT IS THE APPROPRIATE DOSAGE FOR THE
CHILD?

( 42 𝑙𝑏𝑠 .
150 𝑙𝑏𝑠 .
375 𝑔 C ) 13 H 16 N 2
= 105 𝑔C 13 H 16 N 2
IF A PATIENT TAKES TWO 200 MG CAPLETS, TID, HOW MANY DAYS WILL TAKE FOR THE PATIENT TO
INGEST 4.75 MOLES OF YOUR MEDICATION?
IF THE HALF-LIFE OF YOUR PARTICULAR MEDICATION IS 8 DAYS AND YOU BEGIN WITH A 100 G SAMPLE,
WHAT MASS REMAINS AFTER 40 DAYS?
ADVERTISEMENT
PHOTO
https://th.bing.com/th/id/OIP.dZBpLdJwLz
jblvyxTv5z0AHaF7?pid=ImgDet&rs=1
ADVERTISEMENT QUESTIONS 1

1. Whose message is this? Who created or paid for it? Why? This is Visine’s
message to gain the attention of people with irritated eyes. Visine’s parent company, “Johnson & Jonson”
created and most likely paid for the advertisement. The advertisement increases the chance of an audience
finding the product and buying it.
2. Who is the “target audience”? What is their age, ethnicity, class, profession, interests, etc.? What
words, images or sounds suggest this?
The target audience is people with irritated eye symptoms. People of any age, ethnicity, class, profession, or
interests can have irritated eyes that need relief. The only fluctuation in audience use is certain classes, professions,
etc. would be that lower classes in society may have higher dust exposure. The same statement goes for people
who work in the cleaning business or in other places that have foreign particles that may irritate the eye. Some
words in the advertisement that suggest this are “Dust and particles that can cause irritation” and “symptoms of
irritation such as redness, itchiness, and dryness”. These extracts from the advertisement go over that Visine is used
for irritation of the eye from foreign particles which means enough exposure to the foreign particles causing the
symptoms of irritation.
ADVERTISEMENT QUESTIONS 2

1.What is the “text” of the message? (What we actually see and/or hear: written or spoken words,
photos, drawings, logos, design, music, sounds, etc.)
We see a close-up of a person’s face. Based on the lashes, this face belongs to a woman. It is also written out that
Visine is meant to relive symptoms of irritation.
2.What is the “subtext” of the message? (What do you think is the hidden or unstated meaning?)
It says, “No other drop does more”. This statements subtext is saying buy our product because it will do more for
you than others will.
2.What positive messages are presented? What negative messages are presented?
The advertisement has a positive message presented about the product. In saying that “No other drop does
more” it is saying to buy this version of instead of others.
3.What “tools of persuasion” are used?  See the next page of this document for the “tools.”
This advertisement uses logos to sell the product, Visine. The advertisement states that the product relives
symptoms of irritation of the eyes like no other product does.
ADVERTISEMENT QUESTIONS 3

1. What kind of lifestyle is presented? Is it glamorized? How?

There is no certain kind lifestyle presented within the advertisement. The advertisement ultimately only contains an
image of the product, a large face, and the text that goes along with it. This broadens the general consumption of the
advertisement to possible buyers. These possible buyers that may not relate directly to the use of Visine may know
somebody who needs it. The person may suggest that the person in need should buy Visine thus, the company makes
money.
2. What values are expressed?
The value in not having irritated and dry eyes. This would express the idea of why should you suffer with these annoying
and painful symptoms when you can buy this and be relived from the symptoms.
3. What groups of people does this message empower? What groups does it disempower? How does this
serve the media maker's interests?
The advertisement does not directly impower of disempower any particular group. Anybody can have irritated eyes;
some may have it more often than others though. This serves the media maker’s interest because anybody of any social
class can have dry and irritated eyes which means more people will buy the product.
4. What part of the story is not being told? How and where could you get more information about the untold
stories?
Not sure if there is an untold story within this advertisement. This is because it is relatively straightforward, it presents
that Visine relives itchy eyes better than other medications that serve similarly. Somebody could possibly look into the
history of the product to get better results for any untold lies about Visine.
NOBEL PRIZE

Benjamin List and David MacMillan were awarded the Nobel Prize for chemistry this year. They had created “a precise new tool
for molecular construction: organocatalysis” (“Press release: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2021”, 2021). This had such a large impact
on pharmaceutical research because many industries rely on the ability for scientists to construct molecules that can form elastic
and durable materials, store energy, or prevent the progression of disease.
The two men were awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2021 because in 2000 they each independently developed a third type
of catalyst. This was unheard of because previously there was only two categories of catalyst: enzymes and metals. This third type
of catalysis is “called asymmetric organocatalysis and builds upon small organic molecules” (“Press release: The Nobel Prize in
Chemistry 2021”, 2021). Organic catalysis contain a stable structure of carbon atoms, in which more active chemical groups can
attach. These groups commonly “contain common elements such as oxygen, nitrogen, Sulphur or phosphorous” (“Press release: The
Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2021”, 2021). These catalysis are inexpensive to create and are environmentally friendly.
When molecules are built, situations commonly occur that two separate molecules may form. Much like human hands, the
molecules are each other's mirror image. Commonly, chemists will only want one of these when producing pharmaceuticals.
Organocatalysis has proceeded to develop at an astonishing speed since 2000. List and MacMillan continue to lead in this field
and have proven that organic catalysis can be of service to drive chemical reactions. Using these reactions, scientists can effectively
create everything from new pharmaceuticals to molecules that capture light in solar cells.
References
The nobel prize in chemistry 2021. NobelPrize.org. (2021, October 6). Retrieved November 15, 2021, from
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2021/press-release/.
CAREER JOURNAL
Education and/or Training Required Career Outlook and Earning Potential
• As of 2018, the median salary was $84,810 (all medical scientists) (“ Pharmacologist: Job Description & Career Information”, 2021)
 Advanced degree is required such as, Doctorate in Pharmacology (Pharm.D.), clinical science Ph.D. (“ Pharmacologist: Job Description & Career Information”, 2021)
• Job Growth (2018-2028): 8% (all medical scientists) (“Pharmacologist: Job Description & Career Information”, 2021)
 • The advancements in medical technology and an increased emphasis on using medications to treat both mental and physical issues are expected to create
Students interested in entering this field should take classes in chemistry, biology, toxicology, pharmacology, and microbiology (“ Pharmacologist: Job Description &
Career Information”, 2021) job growth in the indrises future (“Pharmacologist: Job Description & Career Information”, 2021)

 Hands-on training form labs and clinical experiences Self Reflection

 Students interacting administering dugs to patients must meet the qualifications of a licensed M.D., requires graduating
from an accredited medical school, passing licensing exams, and completing residency requirements (“ Pharmacologist: Job Description & Career Information”, 2021)
 Background in math and science
Looking at the requirements to pursue this field. I would not personally like to go through with this career choice. This decision is because pharmacology requires
additional schooling to administer medications to patients. The only upsides to studying in pharmacology would be being able to test and study the effects of compounds on the
human body. Pharmacology would involve too many chemical formulas. Personally, if a future career has to involve chemistry it at least must be the same general formulas and the
formulas to not be constantly replaced with new ones. Pharmacologists get paid relatively well but I still do not think it is worth going through all of the classes based around

 Ability to gather, analyze, and understand medical data chemistry. Who exactly would get loads of student debt to deal with chemical formulas and equations for the rest of their life? It would be enjoyable to be able to freely test out
varying dosages to see how the human body would react. Especially without all the limits the medical field has for scientists and doctors. I cannot see myself pursuing
 Excellent written and oral communication skills
pharmacology. I do not have very much of an interest in the chemistry aspect of the pathway.
 Effective in operating medical equipment and other machinery in research

 The best collages in the year 2021 for pharmacology are Duke University, Dartmouth Collage, Columbus University in the City of New York, Yale University, Cornell
University, Georgetown University, University of Pennsylvania, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Wake Forrest University, University of Washington-Seattle
Campus (“Best Pharmacology Colleges in the U.S. 2021”, 2021)

Responsibilities and Daily Activities References

 Conduct research on animals or willing human subjects to develop chemical compounds that can be used as novel medications Best Pharmacology Colleges in the U.S. 2021. Best Pharmacology Colleges in the US | 2021. (2021). Retrieved

November 15, 2021, from https://www.universities.com/programs/pharmacology-degrees.
Duties may include planning and directing studies, performing research to standardize drug doses, prepare research grants, and

analyzing data from clinical trials (“Pharmacologist: Job Description & Career Information”, 2021)
Pharmacologist: Job Description & Career Information. Bestaccreditedcolleges.org. (2021, October 20). Retrieved
 Study the effects of compounds on the body November 15, 2021, from https://bestaccreditedcolleges.org/articles
 May study new medications or the interactions between different medications /pharmacologist-job-description-and-information-about-becoming-a-pharmacologist.html.
 Could be responsible for supervising a team of technicians who help in the different phases of a research trial (“ Pharmacologist: Job Description & Career Information”,
2021)

 Some focus on effects of harmful chemicals

 Other's research harmful and beneficial effects of chemicals on specific parts of body systems (respiratory and/or cardiovascular)