Latent HeatTemperature

When a substance
changes state the
Boiling point energy that is being
supplied is used to
break bonds.

The KE of the
Liquid/gas molecules does not
mixture
Melting change as this
point Liquid Gas
happens so the there
Solid/liquid is no temperature rise
mixture
Solid

Time

Solid Solid/liquid Liquid Liquid/gas Gas

February 17, 2022
Latent Heat
The specific latent heat of vaporisation, lv, is the amount of heat
energy required to change 1kg of liquid to 1kg of vapour without
a change in temperature. (Jkg-1).

The specific latent heat of fusion, lf, is the amount of heat energy
required to change 1kg of solid to 1kg of liquid without a change
in temperature. (Jkg-1).

February 17, 2022

Latent Heat A V
An experiment to measure
the Latent Heat of
Vaporisation of Water
Condensed water

Boiling water

Clock
Leibig Condenser

Water out

Water in

February 17, 2022

Latent Heat
Specific Latent Heat of Vaporisation of Water, lv

Ammeter Readings = 3.94A & 3.90A

Average ammeter reading = 3.92 amps

Voltmeter Readings = 11.78V & 11.63V

Average voltmeter reading = 11.71 volts

Time for which energy was supplied = 980 seconds

Mass of water collected = 0.0188 kg

February 17, 2022

Latent Heat
Specific Latent Heat of Vaporisation of Water, lv

Ammeter Readings = 3.94A & 3.90A

Average ammeter reading = 3.92 amps

Voltmeter Readings = 11.78V & 11.63V

Average voltmeter reading = 11.71 volts

Time for which energy was supplied = 980 seconds

Mass of water collected = 0.0188 kg

Energy supplied = VxIxt

= 11.71 x 3.92 x 980
= 4.5 x 104J

Therefore, lv = energy supplied / mass of water evaporated

= 4.5 x 104/ 0.0188
= 2.39 x 106Jkg-1 (2.26 x 106Jkg-1)
February 17, 2022
Latent Heat An experiment to measure
the Latent Heat of Fusion of
Ice

A
V

Heater

Ice

Filter Funnel

Water

Top Pan Balance

February 17, 2022

Latent Heat
Time
Mass of Water Voltmeter Ammeter
Collected Reading Reading
 
(min) (g) (g) (g) (volts) (amps)
           
0 0        
1 0        
2 0        
3   0.03      
4   0.04      
5   1.08      
6   1.78      
7   2.39      
8   3.04      
9   3.67      
10   4.3      
11   4.86      
12   5.51   9.39 5.9

February 17, 2022

Latent Heat Time
Mass of
Voltmeter Ammeter
Water
Reading Reading
Collected
 
(min) (g) (g) (g) (volts) (amps)
12.5     7    
13     11    
13.5     16    
14     21    
14.5     26    
15     32    
15.5     40    
16     47    
16.5     53    
17     58    
17.5     63    
18     70    
18.5     74    
19     81    
19.5     85    
20     92 9.42 5.94
February 17, 2022
Latent Heat
Latent Heat of Fusion of Ice

100 Ice melted due

to heat from
90
surroundings
80 and heater
70 Ice melted
60 due to heat
Ice from
Mass (g)

50
temperature surroundings
40 rising to 0oC
30

20

10

0
0 5 10 15 20 25
Time(m ins)

February 17, 2022

Latent Heat
Latent Heat of Fusion of Ice

100 Ice melted due

to heat from
90
surroundings
80 and heater
70 Ice melted
60 due to heat
Ice from
Mass (g)

50
temperature surroundings
40 rising to 0oC
30

20

10

0
0 5 10 15 20 25
Time(m ins)

February 17, 2022

Latent Heat
Latent Heat of Fusion of Ice

100 Ice melted due

to heat from
90
surroundings
80 and heater
70 Ice melted
60 due to heat
Ice from
Mass (g)

50
temperature surroundings
40 rising to 0oC
30

20

10

0
0 5 10 15 20 25
Time(m ins)

Run = 22 x 60 = 1320 secs

February 17, 2022

Latent Heat
Latent Heat of Fusion of Ice

100 Ice melted due

to heat from
90
surroundings
80 and heater
70 Ice melted
60 due to heat
Ice from
Mass (g)

50
temperature surroundings
40 rising to 0oC
30
Rise = 0.012kg
20

10

0
0 5 10 15 20 25
Time(m ins)

Run = 22 x 60 = 1320 secs

February 17, 2022

Latent Heat
Latent Heat of Fusion of Ice

100

90

80

70 Rate at which ice melts due to ambient temperature

= rise/run
60
= 0.012/1320
Mass (g)

50 = 9.1 x 10-6 kgs-1

40

30
Rise = 0.012kg
20

10

0
0 5 10 15 20 25
Time(m ins)

Run = 22 x 60 = 1320 secs

February 17, 2022

Latent Heat
Latent Heat of Fusion of Ice

100 Ice melted due

to heat from
90
surroundings
80 and heater
70 Ice melted
60 due to heat
Ice from
Mass (g)

50
temperature surroundings
40 rising to 0oC
30

20

10

0
0 5 10 15 20 25
Time(m ins)

February 17, 2022

Latent Heat
Latent Heat of Fusion of Ice

100 Ice melted due

to heat from
90
surroundings
80 and heater
70 Ice melted
60 due to heat
Ice from
Mass (g)

50
temperature surroundings
40 rising to 0oC
30

20

10

0
0 5 10 15 20 25
Time(m ins)

Run = 9 x 60 = 540 secs

February 17, 2022

Latent Heat
Latent Heat of Fusion of Ice

100 Ice melted due

to heat from
90
surroundings
80 and heater
70 Ice melted
60 due to heat
Ice from
Mass (g)

50
temperature surroundings
40 rising to 0oC Rise = 0.1kg
30

20

10

0
0 5 10 15 20 25
Time(m ins)

Run = 9 x 60 = 540 secs

February 17, 2022

Latent Heat
Latent Heat of Fusion of Ice

100

90
Rate at which ice melts due to heater and ambient temperature
80 = rise/run
70 = 0.1/540
= 181.5 x 10-6 kgs-1
60
Mass (g)

50

40 Rise = 0.1kg
30

20

10

0
0 5 10 15 20 25
Time(m ins)

Run = 9 x 60 = 540 secs

February 17, 2022

 Latent Heat

Rate at which ice melts due to the heater only

= (185.1 – 9.1) x 10-6
= 176.0 x 10-6 kgs-1

February 17, 2022

 Latent Heat

Rate at which ice melts due to the heater only

= (185.1 – 9.1) x 10-6
= 176.0 x 10-6 kgs-1

Average voltmeter reading = 9.415 V

Average ammeter reading = 5.92 A

February 17, 2022

 Latent Heat

Rate at which ice melts due to the heater only

= (185.1 – 9.1) x 10-6
= 176.0 x 10-6 kgs-1

Average voltmeter reading, V = 9.415 V

Average ammeter reading, I = 5.92 A

Average energy supplied/sec = VxI = 9.415 x 5.92 = 55.74Js-1

February 17, 2022

 Latent Heat

Rate at which ice melts due to the heater only

= (185.1 – 9.1) x 10-6
= 176.0 x 10-6 kgs-1

Average voltmeter reading, V = 9.415 V

Average ammeter reading, I = 5.92 A

Average energy supplied/sec = VxI = 9.415 x 5.92 = 55.74Js-1

Specific latent heat of fusion of ice, lf

= energy supplied per sec / mass changing state per sec
= 55.74/176 x 10-6
= 3.17 x 105 Jkg-1 ( 3.34 x 105Jkg-1)

February 17, 2022

Latent Heat
It is sometimes more convenient to relate heat capacity and latent heat with moles rather than
mass in kg.

The molar heat capacity, C, is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of
one mole of a substance by 1K. Jmol-1K-1

The molar latent heat of vaporisation, Lv, is the amount of heat energy required to change 1
mol of the substance from liquid to gas without a change in temperature. Jmol -1

The molar latent heat of fusion, Lf, is the amount of heat energy required to change 1 mol of
the substance from solid to liquid without a change in temperature. Jmol -1

February 17, 2022

Latent Heat
Q = mcΔθ

Q = nCΔθ

Q = mlf

Q = nLf

Q = mlv

Q = nLv

February 17, 2022