CRIME

AND
CRIMINAL
ITY
What is crime?
• Crime is an action or omission
that constitutes an offense that
may be prosecuted by the state
and is punishable by law.
What is criminality?
• Criminality is the quality or state of being
criminal, Theories of crime vary based on their
foundational assumption's of human nature.
These theories and the documented
characteristics of criminals have led to the
development and use of risk assessment tools
with reasonable accuracy.
6 CATEGORIES
OF CRIME
 CRIMES AGAINST
PERSON

Crimes against person also called personal

crimes, include murder ,aggravated assault,
rape and robbery.
 CRIMES AGAINST
PROPERTY
involve the theft of property without bodily
harm, such as burglary , larceny , auto theft
and arson. Like personal crimes , members
of historically marginalized groups are
arrested for these crimes more than others.
 HATE CRIMES
are crimes against persons or property that
are committed while invoking prejudices of
race, gender or gender identity, religion ,
disability, sexual orientation, or ethnicity.
 CRIMES AGAINST
MORALITY
also called victimless crimes because there
is no complainant or victim . Prostitution ,
illegal gambling and illegal drug use are all
examples of victimless crimes.
 ORGANIZE CRIME
is committed by structured groups typically involving the
distribution and sale of illegal goods and services. Many
people think of the Mafia when they think of organize
crime, but the term can refer to any group that exercises
control over large illegal enterprises such as drug trade,
illegal gambling, prostitution, weapons smuggling or
money laundering.
3 WORST CRIMES IN
THE PHILIPPINES
 MURDER

Murder is the unlawful killing of another human

 without justification or valid excuse, especially
the unlawful killing of another human with 
malice aforethought.
 What is Murder according to
Philippine Law?

A. Concept: It is the crime committed by the killing of a

human being which does not constitute parricide or
infanticide and where it is both alleged and proven that the
killing was attended by any of the qualifying aggravating
circumstances under Article 248 of the Revised Penal
Code.
 Law for murder in the
Philippines
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 7659
 What is Murder according to
Philippine Law?

A. Concept: It is the crime committed by the killing of a

human being which does not constitute parricide or
infanticide and where it is both alleged and proven that the
killing was attended by any of the qualifying aggravating
circumstances under Article 248 of the Revised Penal
Code.
 Section 5. The penalty of death for parricide under
Article 246 of the same Code is hereby restored,
so that it shall read as follows:

“Art. 246. Parricide. – Any person who shall kill his

father, mother, or child, whether legitimate of illegitimate,
or any of his ascendants, or descendants, or his spouse,
shall be guilty of parricide and shall be punished by the
penalty of reclusion perpetua to death.”
 Section 6. Article 248 of the same Code is
hereby amended to read as follows:

“Art. 248. Murder. – Any person who, not falling

within the provisions of Article 246 shall kill another,
shall be guilty of murder and shall be punished by
reclusion perpetua, to death if committed with any of
the following attendant circumstances:
1. With treachery, taking advantage of superior strength, with the aid of armed
men, or employing means to weaken the defense or of means or persons to
insure or afford impunity.
2. In consideration of a price, reward or promise.
3. By means of inundation, fire, poison, explosion, shipwreck, stranding of a
vessel, derailment or assault upon a railroad, fall of an airship, or by means of
motor vehicles, or with the use of any other means involving great waste and
ruin.
4. On occasion of any of the calamities enumerated in the preceding
paragraph, or of an earthquake, eruption of a volcano, destructive cyclone,
epidemic or other public calamity.
5. With evident premeditation.
6. With cruelty, by deliberately and inhumanly augmenting the suffering of the
victim, or outraging or scoffing at his person or corpse.”
 Section 7. Article 255 of the same Code is
hereby amended to read as follows:

“ Art. 255. Infanticide. – The penalty provided for

parricide in Article 246 and for murder in Article 248 shall
be imposed upon any person who shall kill any child less
than three days of age.
Here are some murder
incidents/cases in the
Philippines:
 A shooting Incident In Paniqui, Tarlac (2020)
 The Silawan Rape and slay Case (2019)
 Vizconde Massacre (1991)
 The Chiong Murders (1997)
 The Jalosjos Case (1996)
 Lucila Lulu Murder (1967)
Penalty for murder in
the Philippines
Under the Revised Penal Code, the penalty
imposed for the crime of murder
is Reclusion Perpetua (20 years and 1
day to 40 years, but still indivisible
penalty) while for homicide, the penalty is
reclusion temporal with a duration of 12
years and 1 day to 20 years.
 ILLEGAL DRUG TRADE
The illegal drug trade or drug trafficking is a global
black market dedicated to the cultivation,
manufacturer, distribution and sale of prohibited
drugs. Most jurisdictions prohibit trade, except under
license, of many types of drugs through the use of
drug prohibition laws.
 Philippine Law for
ILLEGAL DRUG TRADE
The Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act
of 2002, officially designated as Republic Act
No. 9165, is a consolidation of Senate Bill No.
1858 and House Bill No. ... It was enacted and
passed by the Senate of the Philippines and
House of Representatives of the Philippines
on May 30, 2002 and May 29, 2002,
respectively.
 CAUGHT ILLEGAL
DRUG TRADE IN THE
PHILIPPINES
 P3.4-M shabu seized from
3 big-time drug suspects.

ZAMBOANGA CITY – Some three

alleged “big-time” drug dealers were
arrested while more than PHP3.4 million
worth of illegal drugs were seized in two
separate anti-illegal drug operations in
Zamboanga del Norte and Zamboanga de
Sur on July 7 and 8, respectively, a top
police official said.
 4 Chinese killed, 3 arrested in largest
drug sting; P3.944 billion meth seized
MANILA, Philippines — Anti-narcotics
operatives on Tuesday seized 500 kilograms of
“shabu” or crystal meth in a buy-bust operation in
Zambales, which also resulted in the deaths of
four Chinese nationals suspected to be part of a
“big-time drug syndicate.”
The suspects were identified as Gao Manzhu, 49
years old; Hong Jianshe, 58; Eddie Tan, 60, all
from Fujian, China; and Xu Youha, 50, from
Quezon City.
 HUMAN TRAFFICKING

Human Trafficking is the recruitment,

transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of
people through force, fraud or deception, with
the aim of exploiting them for profit
Types of HUMAN
TRAFFICKING
Trafficking for forced
labour
Trafficking in women for
sexual exploitation
Trafficking for the removal of
organs.
Child soldier
Debt Bondage
Domestic Servitude
Force Marriage
 Philippine Law for
HUMAN TRAFFICKING
Human trafficking is a crime against humanity. In an
effort to deal with the problem, the Philippines
passed R.A. 9208, the Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act of
2003, a penal law against human trafficking, sex tourism,
sex slavery and child prostitution.
Republic Act 9208 or the Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act of 2003,
as amended by RA 10364 also known as the Expanded Anti-
Trafficking in Persons Act of 2012.

What is the Republic Act 9208 as amended by the Republic Act

10364? establishes the necessary institutional mechanisms to
protect and support trafficked persons, and provides penalties for
its violations. ... 10364 also known as the Expanded Anti-
Trafficking in Persons Act.
Penalty for HUMAN
TRAFFICKING in the
Philippines
 (a) Any person found guilty of committing any of
the acts enumerated in Section 4 shall suffer the
penalty of imprisonment of twenty (20) years and a
fine of not less than One million pesos
(P1,000,000.00) but not more than Two million
pesos (P2,000,000.00);
THE CRIMINAL CODE
OF THE PHILIPPINES
Section 1. No crime without law.
Section 2. Scope. Territoriality
Section 3. State duty. Principles of opportunity and legality.
Section 4. National law and local law.
Section 5. Crime and punishment.
Section 6. Intent and negligence.
Section 7. Acts and crimes.
Section 8. Acts and victims.
Section 9. Acts and effects.
Section 10. Minority.
Section 11. Insanity.
Section 12. Defense.
Section 13. Lawful act.
Section 14. Lawful order or authority.
Section 15. Compulsion.
Section 16. Imminent harm.
Section 17. Persons responsible.
Section 18. Attempt.
Section 19. Modifying circumstances. The two kinds of modifying
circumstances are aggravating circumstances and mitigating
circumstances.
Section 20. Purpose of penalties.
Section 21. Civil liability.
Section 22. Kinds of penalties.
Section 23. Imposable penalties.
Life imprisonment:
Level 5 Level 2
Level 4 Level 1
Level 3
Alternative Penalty Fine Community service:
a. Accessory Penalty Disqualification or suspension
b. Suspension of right of suffrage
c. Civil interdiction
d. Forfeiture of benefits
e. Confiscation and forfeiture of proceeds and instruments of the
crime Subsidiary Penalty Community service
 Meaning of terms.

1. Offended party 6.Detainee

2. 2. Victim 7.Detention facility 11. Inmate

3. Respondent 8.Judgment 12.Correctional facility

4. Accused 9.Final judgment 13. Prescription

5. Offender 10.Penalty
THE JUSTICE SYSTEM
OF THE PHILIPPINES
 JUSTICE SYSTEM OF THE PHILIPPINES

a legal process adapted by

a civilized society in the
prevention and solution of
crimes which is carried on
through investigation.
 LAW ENFORCEMENT PROCESS

The law enforcement consists

of the officers and men of the
Philippine National Police
(PNP), the National Bureau of
Investigation (NBI), and other
agencies. When they learn of
the commission of
 PROSECUTION PROCESS

The investigation and

prosecution of all cases
involving violations of penal
laws are lodged with the
Department of Justice(DOJ)
through its National
Prosecution Service
(NAPROSS).
 JUDICIARY
The judiciary plays a fundamental
role in society and for the upholding
of social order. Its primary function,
in fact, is to resolve conflicts
through the application of pre-
existing norms or, in some cases
precedents, which have been
issued through legitimate
procedures, as recognized by the
political system.
 PENOLOGY OR CORRECTIONAL PROCESS

penology, also called Penal

Science, the division of
criminology that concerns itself
with the philosophy and
practice of society in its efforts
to repress criminal activities.
 THE COMMUNITY

Community-based justice systems

reflect the inherent importance of
communities as a part of justice
system processes as opposed to
simply being subjected to it. ...
Further, community justice aims to
restore victims and repair
communities affected by crime.
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