How does it feel being nervous?

How do you feel when you are

stressed?
What is the feeling if you saw someone
you liked and loved?
Do you feel moody sometimes?
#endocrine
#hormones
#glands
ENDOCRINE
SYSTEM
The Glands and
Hormones
OBJECTIVES
• Name the different parts and
functions of Endocrine Glands
• Enumerate the hormones
secreted by the endocrine
organs and their role to the
body
• Explain how the endocrine
system helps in maintaining
homeostasis
• Discuss the role of endocrine
system in the menstrual cycle
ENDOCRINE
SYSTEM
a. Glands
b. Hormones
How does the WHOLE
Endocrine System
function?
 ENDOCRINE
SYSTEM
- Collection of GLANDS that
secrete hormones directly
into the bloodstream
- HORMONES influence
different activities in the body
to maintain homeostasis
 What is
HOMEOSTASIS?
- maintenance of the internal
and external equilibrium of the
body.
e.g. body regulation of
temperature, control of acidity and
basicity of the blood, electrolyte
balance in the body
HYPOTHALAMUS
- located at the base of the brain
- regulates body temperature, blood
pressure, use of water, metabolism,
and reproduction
Hormones produced:
• OXYTOCIN for lactation
• ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE
(ADH) for water retention and
expulsion
PITUITARY
- located at the base of the brain
- stimulates growth and controls the
functions of other gland
Hormones produced:
• ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE
(ACTH) for adrenal gland stimulation
• THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE
(TSH)
• PROLACTIN for lactation
THYROID
- located below the voice box
- regulates body metabolism and
causes storage of calcium in bones

Hormones produced:
• THYROXIN for increasing of
metabolism
• CALCITONIN for decreasing of
calcium level in blood
PARATHYROID
- located in the neck
- controls calcium level in the
body and normalizes bone
growth

Hormones produced:
• PARATHYROMONE for
regulation of calcium and
phosphorus in the body
THYMUS
- located in front of the heart
- enables the body to produce
certain antibodies

Hormones produced:
• THYMOSIN for
development of T cells for
immunity and fighting of
infections
ADRENAL
- located at the top of the kidneys
- prepares the body for action, heart
rate, and breathing in times of
emergency
Hormones produced:
• ADRENALINE for fight or
flight response and intense
external activities of the
body
PANCREAS
- located between the kidneys
- regulates blood sugar levels
Hormones produced:
• INSULIN for control and
regulation of blood sugar to
be used by the cells for
energy
TESTES
- located in the lower abdomen
- control maturation and male
characteristics
Hormones produced:
• ANDROGEN kick-starts puberty like hair
growth in certain areas
• TESTOSTERONE for bone mass, muscle
mass, strength, sperm cell, libido (sexual
drive), and RBCs production
OVARIES
- located in the lower abdomen
- influence female traits and support
reproductive function
Hormones produced:
• ESTROGEN starts and signals menstruation
• PROGESTERONE for menstrual cycle,
thickening of uterine wall, and pregnancy
maintenance
 What are the diseases
wherein Endocrine Glands
are affected?
DISEASES OF THE ENDOCRINE GLANDS
HYPOTHYROIDISM
- Thyroid gland cannot produce the
normal amount of thyroid hormone

Symptoms:
• Fatigue, weight gain, sluggishness, decreased memory,
dry skin, heavy period, and always feeling cold, enlarged
thyroid
Treatment: Hormone replacement
DISEASES OF THE ENDOCRINE GLANDS
HYPERTHYROIDISM
- Thyroid gland produces too much of
the hormone thyroxine.

Symptoms:
• Excessive sweating, heat intolerance, increased bowel
movement, tremor or shaking, nervousness, weight loss,
heart palpitations, irregular heart rate
Treatment: Antithyroid medication
DISEASES OF THE ENDOCRINE GLANDS
METABOLIC SYNDROME
- Also known as insulin resistance,
the patient has elevated blood sugar
and abdominal obesity.
Symptoms:
• High blood pressure, weight gain, baldness (for men),
gout, extra hair growth (for women), irregular periods
Treatment: Low-carbohydrate diet and improved insulin
action like Glucophage
 DISEASES OF THE ENDOCRINE GLANDS
CUSHING’S SYNDROME
- Is a tumor in a pituitary gland, that
causes the adrenal glands to produce too
much Cortisol (stress hormone)
Symptoms:
• Fatigue, weight gain, trouble sleeping,
irregular periods, extra hair growth,
depression
Treatment: Surgery for removal of tumor
DISEASES OF THE ENDOCRINE GLANDS
ESTROGEN DEFICIENCY
- A drop in Estrogen level

Symptoms:
• Developed fatigue round the
time of menopause
Treatment: Hormone-
replacement therapy
DISEASES OF THE ENDOCRINE GLANDS
TESTOSTERONE DEFICIENCY
- A drop in Testosterone level due to a
pituitary, adrenal, or ovary/ testis problem

Symptoms:
• Developed fatigue and low libido (sexual
drive)
Treatment: Testosterone-replacement
therapy
DISEASES OF THE ENDOCRINE GLANDS
GIGANTISM OR ACROMEGALY
- A disease in which pituitary produces too much growth
hormones causing the bones and body tissues to grow
fast in short period of time.
Symptoms:
• Very large hands and feet, thickening toes and fingers,
prominent jaw and forehead, coarse facial features, flat
nose, large head, lips, or tongue
DISEASES OF THE ENDOCRINE GLANDS
Symptoms: (for female)
• Over-production of sweat,
delayed puberty, weakness, and
deafness

Treatment: Removing tumor in

pituitary gland
DISEASES OF THE ENDOCRINE GLANDS
DWARFISM
- A disease in which pituitary produces little
growth hormones causing the bones and body
tissues to grow slowly in a long period of time

Symptoms:
• Larger head, breathing problems, curvature
of the spine, bowed legs, crowding of teeth,
lower back pain or numbness in the legs.
ACTIVITY
OBJECTIVE: demonstrate proper care of
endocrine system.
OUTPUT:
Choose from the following:
a. making a puppet show
b. composing a poem
c. composing a song
RUBRIC:
     
CRITERIA DESCRIPTION SCORE
 
4 3 2 1 0  

  All Most of the Some of the Only few of Does not  

Clarity of information information information the meet any
Information presented are presented are presented are information of the
  complete and complete and complete and are correct standards
clear clear clear and clear
  It shows It shows It shows It shows no Does not  
Originality originality and originality and creativeness originality and meet any
and creativeness no no of the
Creativity creativeness creativeness standards
 
 
TOTAL SCORE: _____________
SHARE IT!
Can you live without
endocrine system? Why or
why not?