Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Chapter One
Chapter One
Course content:-
1. INTRODUCING PHILOSOPHY
I. Meaning and Nature of Philosophy
II. Basic Features of Philosophy
III. Metaphysics and Epistemology
IV. Axiology and Logic
V. Importance of Learning Philosophy
2. BASIC CONCEPTS OF LOGIC
VI. Arguments, Premises and Conclusions
VII. Techniques of Recognizing Arguments
VIII. Types of Arguments: Deduction and Induction
IX. Evaluating Arguments
3. LOGIC AND LANGUAGE
X. Philosophy of Language: An overview
XI. Logic and Meaning
XII. Meaning, Types, and Purposes of Definitions
XIII. Techniques of Definition
XIV. Criteria for Lexical Definitions
weaknesses.
All education consists of transmitting (1)the subject matter or discipline
content of the course ("what to think"), and (2) the correct way to understand
and evaluate this subject matter ("how to think").
to teach students essential skills of analyzing, evaluating, and constructing
arguments, and to sharpen their ability to execute the skills in thinking and
writing, and thus better prepare them to succeed in the world
rationally evaluate the credibility of claims and arguments you encounter
seek?
philosophers seek is not the wisdom of the expertise or technical
skills of professionals.
wisdom consists of a critical habit and eternal vigilance about all
things and a reverence for truth, whatever its form, and wherever
its place. The questioning of the apparent
Prepared by Hinsene Begna (MBA) 02/19/2022 7
Dear learners, what do you think does it mean to question the apparent?
Does it mean to deny the fact or the practical reality?
To interrogate the obvious means to deal creatively with the
phenomenal world, to go beyond the common
understanding, and to speculate about things that other
people accept with no doubt.
Raising the right question is an art that includes the ability to
death?‖
What is reality?
Is there a cause and effect relationship between reality and appearance?
of both?
What is time?
appears.
Metaphysical questions may be divided into four subsets or
aspects.
Epistemology deals:
o What is knowledge?
is correct?
o What makes knowledge different from belief or opinion?
they have taken that position, they must decide through what
sources reality may be known, and must have some concept of
how to judge the validity of their knowledge.
the beauty of the landscape, hear the song of a bird, feel the
warm rays ofhe sun, and smell the fragrance of the blossoms,
they ―know‖ that it is spring.
Sensory knowing for humans is immediate and universal, and in
position, is authority.
Authoritative knowledge is accepted as true because it comes from
notions of what a
person or a society regards as good or preferable, such as:
What is a value?
philosophical study of moral principles, values, codes, and rules, which may be
used as standards for determining what kind of human conduct/action is said to be
good or bad, right or wrong.
Ethics has three main branches: meta-ethics, normative ethics, and applied ethics.
precisely the moral rules, principles, standards and goals by which human beings
might evaluate and judge the moral values of their conducts, actions and decisions.
It is the reasoned search for principles of human conduct, including a critical study
of the major theories about which things are good, which acts are right, and which
acts are blameworthy.
Meta-ethics is the highly technical philosophical discipline that deals with
Social/Political Philosophy
Social/Political Philosophy studies about of the value judgments operating in a
raised by Logic:
What is an argument; What does it mean to argue?
argument?
How can we formulate and evaluate an argument?
being wisdom a critical habit and eternal vigilance about all things and a
reverence for truth, whatever its form, and wherever its place.
Philosophy, as an academic discipline, has its own salient features that
universe, human life, knowledge experience, truth and values and its holistic
and evolutionary nature are some the fundamental features of philosophy.
Philosophy uses its major branches to deal with the most important issues
Epistemology deals with the study of the meaning, nature, source, scope and
values, aesthetic values, as well as political and social values. Logic, on the
other hand, is a philosophical study of arguments and the methods and
principles of right reasoning.