ISYS6508

Database System
Week 1
Introduction to Database & Environment

Database System A Practical Approach to Design, Implemetation, and Management

Connolly, T., & Begg, C.
Chapter 1 & 2
 Learning Outcome
At the end of this semester, the student should
be able to:
• Identify concept of Database System
 Sub Topics
• Introduction
• Database Approach
• Roles in Database Administrator
• Three Level ANSI SPARC architecture
• Data Models dan Conceptual Modelling
INTRODUCTION
• While barely 50 years old, database research has had a profound
impact on the economy and society, creating an industry sector
valued at between US$35-US$50 billion annually
• Database is the most important development in the field of
software engineering.
• Currently the database system is the framework underlying the
information system and change the way the organization
operates.
• Database technology has become an exciting field to work on,
such as algorithms for file storage, file access, and query
optimization.
• The database is now an integral part of our everyday
life that we often do not realize that we are using an
application.
• A database application is simply a program that
interacts with the database at some point in its
execution.
• The use of a more inclusive database system as a
collection of application programs that interact with
the database together with the DBMS and the
database itself.
 Application You Use?
• Purchases from the supermarket
• Purchases using your credit card
• Booking a vacation with a travel agent
• Using the local library
• Taking out insurance
• Renting a DVD
• Using the Internet
• Studying at College
DATABASE APPROACH
 Definition
• The database is one (single), but has large data
storage that can be used simultaneously by many
departments and users.
• the database approach through data abstraction is to
separate the data structures from the application
program and store them in the database.
• database approach through entity analysis,
attributes and relationships that have a logically
interrelated relationship
 DBMS
• A software system that enables users to
define, create, maintain, and control access
to the database.
• The DBMS is the software that interacts with
the users’ application programs and
the database
 DBMS Facility (1)
• Users can define databases, tables and attributes
via Data Language Definition (DDL).
• Users can insert, update, delete, and retrieve data
from databases via Data Manipulation Language
(DML).
• The most commonly used query language is
Structured Query Language (SQL, pronounced "S-
Q-L", or sometimes "See-Quel"), is a formal and
de facto standard language for relational DBMS
 DBMS Facility (2)
• It provides controlled access to the database. For example, it
may provide:
– a security system, which prevents unauthorized users accessing the
database;
– an integrity system, which maintains the consistency of stored data;
– a concurrency control system, which allows shared access of the
database;
– a recovery control system, which restores the database to a
previous consistent state following a hardware or software failure;
– a user-accessible catalog, which contains descriptions of the data in
the database
 Database Application
Program

Figure 1.1 Database Processing Source : Database ProcessingConnoly & Begg (2015)
 • We can identify five major components in the DBMS
environment: hardware, software, data, procedures,
and people

Components
of the DBMS
Environment

Figure 1.2 DBMS Environment

Source : Database ProcessingConnoly & Begg (2015)

 Database Application
Program (Now)

Figure 1.3 Database Application

Program in the web

Source : Database ProcessingConnoly & Begg (2015)

ROLES IN
DATABASE ADMINISTRATOR
 People (Users)
• Data and Database Administrators
• Database Designers
• Application Developers
• End-Users
THREE LEVEL
ANSI SPARC ARCHITECTURE
• The users’ view of the database. This level
describes that part of the database that is relevant
to each user.
• The community view of the database. This level
describes what data is stored in the database and
the relationships among the data.
• The physical representation of the database on
the computer. This level describes how the data is
stored in the database
DATA MODELS AND
CONCEPTUAL MODELLING
 Data Models
• An integrated collection of concepts for
describing and manipulating data,
relationships between data, and constraints
on the data in an organization.
• A data model can be thought of as comprising three
components:
– a structural part, consisting of a set of rules according to
which databases can be constructed
– a manipulative part, defining the types of operation that
are allowed on the data (this includes the operations that
are used for updating or retrieving data from the
database and for changing the structure of the database)
– a set of integrity constraints, which ensures that the
data is accurate
• There have been many data models
proposed in the literature. They fall into
three broad categories: object-based,
record-based, and physical data models. The
first two are used to describe data at the
conceptual and external levels, the third is
used to describe data at the internal level
 Conceptual Modelling
• Conceptual modeling or conceptual database
design is the process of constructing a model
of the information use in an enterprise that is
independent of implementation details, such
as the target DBMS, application programs,
programming languages, or any other physical
considerations
 Reference
Connolly, T., & Begg, C. (2015). Database
System A Practical Approach to Design,
Implemetation, and Management 6th Edition.
Pearson
Thank You