Metal Machining and Automation

(ME 3201)

PRESENTED BY

D R . S A N N D H YA R A N I B I S WA S
A S S I S TA N T P R O F E S S O R
D E PA R T M E N T O F M E C H A N I C A L E N G I N E E R I N G
NIT ROURKELA
Email: srb@nitrkl.ac.in
 Work holding devices in grinding

In cylindrical grinding, workpiece is mounted in between

centres for external grinding and in chuck for internal grinding.
In reciprocating type surface grinding, the workpiece is
mounted on the work table in different ways:
 On a rectangular magnetic chuck which is clamped on the
table.
 Gripped in a vice which is held on the magnetic chuck or
directly clamped on the table.
 Directly clamped on the table by clamps, T-bolt etc.
 In a fixture which will be clamped on the table or magnetic
chuck.
 Work holding devices in grinding

Work must be held in vice, held on V-blocks or

bolted directly to table for some surface grinding
operations
Most of ferrous work ground on surface grinder held
on magnetic chuck
Clamped to table of grinder
Work holding devices in grinding
 Tool holding devices in grinding

All the grinding wheels are circular shaped and

rotate only about their own axis. A grinding wheel is
coaxially mounted on the spindle nose.
 Planing and Shaping

Planing and shaping are similar operations, which

differ only in the kinematics of the process.

Planing is a machining operation in which the

primary cutting motion is performed by the workpiece

and feed motion is imparted to the cutting tool.
In shaping, the primary motion is performed by the

tool, and feed by the workpiece.

Shaper machine
Planer machine
Planing and Shaping
Difference between shaper and planer
 Broaching

 Broaching is a machining operation that involves the linear movement of a

muti-point cutting tool (referred to as broach) relative to the work piece in
the direction of the tool axis.
 The shape of the machined surface is determined by the contour of the
final cutting edges on the broach.
 Broaching is a highly productive method of machining with advantages
like good surface finish, close tolerances, and the variety of possible
machined surface shapes some of them can only be produced by
broaching.
 Owing to the complicated geometry of the broach, the tooling is
expensive. The broaching tools cannot be reground and have to be
replaced when wear becomes excessive.
 Broaching is a typical mass production operation.
Broaching
Broach tool
Broaching
 Broaching

• Internal broaching is accomplished on the internal surface of a

hole in the part. Internal broaching tools are used to enlarge and
finish various contours in through holes preformed by casting,
forging, rolling, drilling, punching etc. Internal broaching tools
are mostly pull type but may be push type for lighter work.

• External broaching is performed on the outside surface of the

work to create a certain cross-sectional shape on the surface.
External surface broaching competes with milling, shaping and
planing and, wherever feasible, outperforms those processes in
respect of productivity and product quality. External broaching
tool may be push type and pull type.
 Broaching

Work shapes that can be cut by: (a) external broaching, and (b) internal broaching
 Broaching

Pull type broaches are generally made as a long single

piece and are more widely used, for
internal broaching in particular. During operation a pull
type broach is subjected to tensile force, which helps in
maintaining and prevents buckling.
Push type broaches are essentially shorter in length (to
avoid buckling) and may be made in segments. Push
type broaches are generally used for external broaching,
preferably, requiring light cuts and small depth of
material removal
Push type and pill type broach tool
Push type