Activity 1.

Amphibian
Spermatogenesis
Group 5

Grish Aviles
Leonard Elijah Brondial
Irish Joy Dulay
Devone Claire Gonzales
Cindy Quising
 Part I

Testis Structures Phases of Meiosis I

• Seminiferous Tubles • Metaphase
• Tunica albuginea • Anaphase
• Spermatocyts • Telophase • Secondary
spermatocytes (Type
Prophase of Meiosis I Non-Gametogenic Cells A and B)
• Spermatids
• Leptotene • Spermatozoa
• Zygotene
• Setoli cells
• Pachytene
• Interstitial cells
• Diplotene
• Diakinesis
 Rana sp. Frog. Testicle. Transverse section. 125X
Frog Testis (40x)

Seminiferous tubule © 2017 nature-microscope-photo-video, all rights reserved.

Rounded structures that serve as the

site of spermatogenesis
 Frog Testis (4x)
Rana sp. Frog. Testicle. Transverse section.32X

Tunica albuginea
Thick connective tissue that serves as external © 2017 nature-microscope-photo-video, all rights reserved.
covering of the testis.
 Frog Testis (40x) P. bedriagae Testis Cross section.

Spermatocyst
Akat (2020)
Compartments that enclose cells in the same
stage of spermatogenesis
Residual Spermatogonia
Cells contained in very small
spermatocysts that are squeezed in
between other bigger spermatocysts

Active Spermatogonia
Contains cells undergoing rapid cell
division, distinguishable but irregularly
shaped
Frog Testis (40x)
 Prophase of Meiosis I
Leptotene
• Start of Meiotic Phase
• Appearance of thin threadlike
chromatin
• Cells look like more well rounded
active spermatogonia
Patawang et al.,(2020)
Zygotene
• Pairing of homologous chromosomes
• Chromatin material looks like a bunch
of twig gathered at one corner of the
cell
 Prophase of Meiosis I Patawang et al.,(2014)

Pachytene Diplotene/ Diakinesis

• The chromatin has undergone • Homologous chromosomes start to
extensive compacting. separate
• Synapsis • These last two phases usually appear
together in one spemotocyst
 Metaphase, Anaphase and Telophase of Meiosis I

These stages appear together in one

or in separate small spermatocytes
that are usually contiguous to each
other.

Metaphase
Anaphase

Telophase
P. bedriagae Testis Cross section.
Akat (2020)
 Secondary Spermatocytes

• Products of Meiosis I
• Haploid Rana sp. Testicle.
Transverse section.
Type A 1000X
© 2017 nature-microscope-
• Like Pachytene cells, they photo-video, all rights
appear like raisins, but much reserved.

smaller

Type B
• Nucleus has a cartwheel configuration
since chromatin materials are seen
attached to the nuclear membrane

Frog Testis (40x)

 Rana sp. Testicle. Transverse section. 125X

Spermatid
Produced when secondary
spermatocytes undergo Meiosis II

Spermatozoa
End product of spermiogenesis

© 2017 nature-microscope-photo-video, all rights reserved.

 Non-Gametogenic Cells
Frog Testis (40x)

Sertoli Cells
Cells not contained within
spermatocysts.

Appeared anchored to
basement membrane

Free apical ends are

associated with the
developing gametes

Basement
Membrane
 Non-Gametogenic Cells
Frog Testis (40x)

Interstitial Cells

Found in between
seminiferous tubules outside
of the basement membrane

Basement
Membrane
Answers to Questions
 Question 1

What structural and biochemical changes

does the spermatid undergo during
spermiogenesis?
Question 1

Spermiogenesis
differentiation stage of
spermatids into mature
spermatozoa
Golgi Cap Tail Maturation
Phase Phase Phase Phase
Golgi Phase

• Changes in nuclear content

• Mitochondria becomes more

concentrated towards the posterior
region behind the nucleus.

• Centrioles arrange one after the other

behind the nucleus

• Movement of Golgi apparatus

 Cap Phase

• Golgi apparatus produces and • Acrosomal vesicle spreads

releases lytic enzymes and forms and envelopes anterior of
an acrosomal vesicle. nucleus.
Tail Phase

• Distal centriole changes into basal

body

• Development of flagellum

• Condensation and elongation of

nucleus

• Mitochondria form mitochondrial

sheath of the middle peace
Pre -maturation Phase

• Excess cytoplasm is sloughed

off

• Mitochondira forms the

middle pieace

• Migration of spermatozoon to
epididymis
 Question 1

How do these changes help the sperm

during fertilization?
 Matured Sperm Disposal of residual cytoplasm along with
other organelles reduced the weight of the
sperm.

Formed midpiece consisting of

aggregated mitochondria will
Tail developed is critical in supply the energy
the sperm’s motility
 Question 2

What does the acrosomal cap

contain?
 Question 2 A. Sperm B. Egg

What does the acrosomal cap contain?

Enzymes:
such as acrosin and hyaluronidase
https://www.tekportal.net/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/acrosomal-cap-4994.jpg

Purpose:
penetrate the cumulus cell layer and
the zona pellucida of the egg for
fertilization to occur.
 Question 2

What are the roles of Sertoli

cells in the testis?
 Question 2

What are the roles of Sertoli cells

in the testis?

• Provides spermatogonia with appropriate nutrients for

growth and development.
http://studentblogs.med.ed.ac.uk/reproductive-systems-group-
4/wp-content/uploads/sites/46/2014/10/Epithelium-cell.jpg
• Downregulate the production of the Anti-Mullerian
Hormone (AMH).

• Structure is necessary for the non-classical testosterone

signaling pathway.

• Absence of Sertoli cells in a human male’s testes can

result in infertility