Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Presentation ON Raster Methods of Transformation: Presented by Rajeev Kumar Jha
Presentation ON Raster Methods of Transformation: Presented by Rajeev Kumar Jha
ON
RASTER METHODS OFBY
PRESENTED TRANSFORMATION
RAJEEV KUMAR JHA
• What is Transformation?
• Transformation refers to the mathematical operations or rules that are applied
on a graphical image consisting of the number of lines, circles, and ellipses to
change its size, shape, or orientation. It can also reposition the image on the
screen.
• Transformations play a very crucial role in computer graphics.
TYPES OF TRANSFORMATION
• x2 = x1 + tx
• y2 = y1 + ty
FOR EXAMPLE
• Suppose we want to shift a point with coordinates at A(30,100) and distance along x-axis is 10 units and 20
units along y-axis.
• Using translation:
• Here tx = 10 ;
• and ty = 20
• x2 = 30 + 10 = 130
• Rotation refers to mathematical operation in which the graphical object is rotated about an
angle (θ) to the axis.
• Rotation is of two types: anti-clockwise and clockwise rotation.
• Suppose we want to rotate a point with coordinates A (x 1, y1) clockwise through an angle θ
about the origin
• Then the new coordinates A’ (x2, y2):
• Scaling refers to a mathematical rule applied to change the size of the image.
• If the value of scaling factors is negative, the size is decreased and when the value is
positive, the size of the image is increased.
• Suppose the point with coordinates A (x1, y1) is to be scaled by a factor sx along the x-axis
and sy along the y-axis.
• x2 = x1 x sx
• y2 = y1 x sy
If we provide values less than 1 to the scaling factor s, then we can reduce the size of the object. if we
provide values greater than 1, then we can increase the size of the object.
REFLECTION
• Reflection is the mirror image of original object. In other words, we can say that it
is a rotation operation with 180°. In reflection transformation, the size of the
object does not change.
• The following figures show reflections with respect to X and Y axes, and about
the origin respectively.
FIGURE.
SHEARING
• Shearing is a transformation in which the shape of the object is slanted about the axis.
• In y-shearing:
• The new-coordinates will be:
• x' = x
• y' = y + sy x
• In x-shearing:
• The new-coordinates will be:
• x' = x + sx y
• y' = y
X SHEAR
• X-Shear
• The X-Shear preserves the Y coordinate and changes are made to X
coordinates, which causes the vertical lines to tilt right or left as shown in below
figure.
Y SHEAR
• The Y-Shear preserves the X coordinates and changes the Y coordinates which causes
the horizontal lines to transform into lines which slopes up or down as shown in the
following figure.