Chapter 3

INSTITUTION
OF
CALIPH
Introduction

Politics means taking care of external and

internal affairs of the nation.
In Islamic, the word "siyasah" can be
understood to mean politics.
The political system of Islam is based on
three principles: Tawhid (unity of God),
Risalah (prophethood), and Khilafat
(vicegerency).
 TAWHID
 Defined as Allah alone is the Creator, Sustainer and Master of
the universe and of all that exists in it
 Allah has the only right to command and forbid
 The sovereignty belongs to Allah.

RISALAT
 Risalat is a medium through we received the law from Allah
 The are two sources of Risalat
> The Holy Quran
> Sunnah (interpretation and exemplification of that
Quran by the Prophet Muhammad)
 KHALIFAH
 Khalifat means the representative of God on earth.
 Election is the best way to choose a khalifah
 The Holy Quran stated that the leadership should be given
to one who deserved it.
 Appointing a heir- apparent is strictly forbidden in Islam.
 The vacant post of a Khalifah must be filled within three
days
 Major Difference :
Islamic Governance & Secular’s
 Objective :
 Secular governance targets for self-
establishment & for the respect of people –
(man-centred)
 Islamic Leadership's target is for the
pleasure of Allah & to serve people
(ummah) - (God-centred)
5
 The Importance
of Islamic Governance
• To call people to the worship of and devotion
to the One True God
• The Caliph is the leader of the nation and his
primary responsibility is to continue the path
of the Prophet Muhammad pbuh.
• To establish all ruling system accordingly to
the Qur’an and Sunnah.
 MEANING OF KHALIFAH (Caliph)
~ Literally it means back @ representative

~ Technically - one who has been given

responsibilities in order to transmit, to
manage and to perform the duties
according to Allah’s Will.

7
 MEANING OF KHILAFAH
~ Literally it means governance.

~ Technically – a specific period where

the Islamic State or Islamic
government is governed by a
Khalifah who’s been selected by
the ummah.
8
 THE ROLES OF KHALIFAH.
1) To preserve al-Deen as a way of life.
2) To propagate Islamic teaching to the entire levels
of society and state.
3) To constitute justice and peace between individual
and society.
4) To provide citizens’ basic needs.
5) To utilize natural resources of the country for the
benefit of the citizens.

£ Main objective - to instill excellent virtues of life in order to strengthen

the ummah
- to prevent them from deteriorating the image of
ummah by committing sinful deeds. 9
 THE
ISLAMIC POLITICAL
INSTITUTION
 How to choose the Khalifah
• By election
– Selected from a group of the best people in community
– The group is called; Majlis al-Shura
• By nomination
– The current Khalifah may nominate his successor
• By ‘force’
– The people must accept him as long as he remains
righteous
 PRE-REQUISITES TO BECOME KHALIFAH

 Muslim
 Man
 Knowledgeable in Islam
 Good moral & trustworthy
 Physically able
 Politically, militarily and administratively experienced
MAJLIS AS-SHURA -
(PRE-REQUISITE TO BECOME A MEMBER)

 Not very large

 Adults & taqwa (pious)
 Chosen by the various communities in the ummah
 Enough knowledge
 Sufficient wisdom and judgment
 Members of Majlis Shura give them bay’a
DISOBEYING & REMOVING KHALIFAH

Unjust/ handicapped to the point of

ineffective
Deviates from justice
Faasiq
Apostate
Belligerent
THE REMOVAL OF THE KHALIFAH

Majlis as-shura advice khalifah and warn him to stop

Resign if he still didn’t change
Use physical force if refuses
Ummah has 3 options:
>Be patient
>Let him lead
>Avoid Muslim bloodshed
 IMAM

Arabic : The one who stands in front

The one who leads the congregational
prayer
Can also be used for a person who lead
a sociopolitical movement or one who
regarded as the leader of the Muslims
community
ROLE OF IMAM

Imam is the real holder/all spiritual and temporal authority

even if he is rejected by the people
Sole legitimate interpreter of the scripture
Preserver of the sacred law
Upholder of divine justice
Inheritor of the esoteric teachings of the prophet
Sole legitimate ruler of the community

*
POLITICAL CONTRACT
Allah

Prophet

Ruler

People
  SIGNIFICANCE IN ISLAMIC LEADERSHIP
INSTITUTION

 The ruler does not derived authority from the people

 The ruler is just a leader to the people but still derives his authority from
obedience to the law of God
 Both the ruler and the people are legally bound to fulfill their obligations to God
 The ruler runs the government by referring to the law of God
 The people are bound to support and co-operate with the ruler
 If they fail to support him, they are committing an offense against the
government as well as Allah.

*
HUMAN SHOULD SUBMIT AND FOLLOW THE
REGULATIONS SENT BY ALLAH

 Human should submit to these regulations and follow them

 They should not replace these regulations with their own
 They does not comprehend his creator to regulate his relations with him
 He does not understand the intricacies of his inner soul to regulate his
relation with himself
 He does not comprehensively understand the inner feelings and behavior of
other humans
 He does not comprehensively understand the dynamics of society
 He is not able to regulate his relations with them and the society at large in
way consistent with the underlying harmonious physical laws governing the
universe and humans
THE END