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12.3C Chemistry and Metrial Design
12.3C Chemistry and Metrial Design
Enzyme systems will tend to produce a single optical isomer that could
work perfectly.
Cisplatin binds to the N7 reactive center on purine residues and causes DNA damage in
cancer cells, blocking cell division and resulting in apoptotic cell death.
Mechanism:
https://youtu.be/Wq_up2uQRDo
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/cisplatin
Topics: Structure and Properties of Polymers
Nanotechnology: The Nanoscale
Uses of Nanoparticles
BASIC TYPES
ADDITION – all the atoms in the monomer are used to form the polymer
CONDENSATION – monomers join up the with expulsion of small molecules
not all the original atoms are present in the polymer
CONDENSATION
Polymer
Thermosetting plastics tend to char (blacken) but remain solid on heating. Examples of this include Bakelite (one of the
first plastics) and epoxy resins
In the production of thermosetting plastics, covalent bonds are made between the original polymer chains to give a cross-
linked structure which is essentially one huge molecule.
The effect of side-chains in polythene
Polymers which conduct
electricity
Buckyball
• An allotrope of carbon, discovered by Harry Kroto,
Robert Curl, and Richard Smalley in 1985
Buckyball: in Medicine
• Fullerenes are active molecules; can be used as an
antioxidant because it can easily react with radicals
due to the high affinity of the electron.
• Fullerene is used as an anti-aging and anti-damage
agent in the cosmetic sector.
• Fullerenes are used as antiviral agents. This use is
provided by its unique molecular structure,
antioxidant effect and biological compatibility.
Endohedral Fullerene
• Aside from medical application, it can be used to make the
most accurate clocks.
Ceramic Coating
Industrial sectors Nanoparticles
silver, titanium dioxide, gold, carbon, zinc oxide, silicon dioxide, clay, sodium
cosmetics
silicate, kojic acid and hydroxy acid
electronics silver, aluminum, silicon dioxide and palladium
environment silver, titanium dioxide, clay, gold, selenium
food silver, clay, titanium dioxide, gold, silicon dioxide, calcium
Prevention / Mitigation
• Banning the use of CFCs
• Use of HFCs (hydrofluorocarbons). Have no effect on the ozone layer. They tend to be
broken down in the lower atmosphere by reaction with hydroxyl radicals, OH.
Water Pollution i.e. Oil spills
Spillage of oil at sea obviously causes major environmental damage when it occurs.