Department of Civil Engineering

CVE 202 – STRENGTH OF MATERIALS

DEFECTION OF BEAMS

Lecturer: A.M. OLAJUMOKE

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 Example 4

Example 4: A 356 x 171 x 51 kg/m standard-weight I-steel section

is used as a cantilever beam of 5 m length from the fixed end. The
beam is loaded as shown below. By neglecting the self-weight of the
steel section, calculate the maximum deflection at the free end of the
beam. Take E to be 205 kN/mm2.
Solution:
First determine the values of the shear force and bending moment.
Sketch out the elastic curve, shear force and bending moment
diagrams as shown below.

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 50 kN 50 kN
2m 3m
A B
C (a) Load diagram
5m

Tangent line

ΔA = yAB (b) Elastic curve diagram

 
Elastic curve

0 0

-50 (c) Shear force diagram (kN)

-50
-100 -100
𝑥2
𝑥1
0 0
A1
A2 -
-150 A3 (d) Moment diagram (kNm)
-
𝑥3
3
-400
 Example 4
Note:
(1)This problem is similar to Example 2.
(2)The vertical displacement yAB of point A on the elastic curve from
tangent at point B is equal to the maximum deflection (ΔA) at the free end
of the beam.
(3)From second moment theorem (Equation ), the displacement (i.e. the
desired deflection) is equal to the moment about A of the moment
diagram area between points A and B.
(4)In this problem, the moment diagram area must be broken up into
standard geometric shapes to determine the area nad centroids of each
component of the diagram. Consequently, the area of the moment diagram
of the above sketch is broken up into two triangles and one rectangle.
(5)From the stadandard steel section Table, the value of the moment of
inertia (I) for the specified I-steel section is 14265 cm4. 4
 Example 4
The areas are calculated as follows:

The distances from the centroid of each area to point A are calculated as:

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 Example 4

The negative sign is an indication that the vertical displacement of

point A is downwards from the tangent line. However, since downward
deflection is considered positive, then:

On the other hand, using tabular format for the several individual areas
in this problem, we have:

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 Example 4

Element AM (kNm2) AM (kNm3)

A1 0.5 x 2 x (-150) = -150 1.333 -199.95

A2 3 x (-150) = -450 3 -1350
A3 0.5 x 3 x (-250) = -375 4 -1500
Total -3049.95
𝐴 𝑀 𝑥 ( − 3049.95 ) ×10 9
∴ 𝑦 𝐴𝐵 = = =104.3 𝑚𝑚
𝐸𝐼 205 × 14265 ×10 4

Now, substitute for E and I into the equation got under superposition method, we have:
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1 2983.33×10
12
∆=∆ +∆ = ( 2083.33+900 ) ×10 =
𝐴 𝐶 =102.0mm
𝐸𝐼 205×10 ×14265×10
3 4
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 TUTORIAL

(1) By neglecting self-weight of the beam, use the moment-area method to derive
expressions for maximum deflection of a cantilever beam that is subjected to:
(a) A concentrated load (P) at its free end and (b) a uniformly distributed load (w
kN/m) over its entire length.
(1) By neglecting self-weight of the beam, use the moment-area method to derive
expressions for the maximum deflection of a simply supported beam subjected
to:
(a) A concentrated load (P) at its mid-span and (b) a uniformly distributed load (w
kN/m) over its entire length.
(1) A 254 x 146 x 37 kg/m structural steel flanged beam on a single span of 10 m
supports a uniformly distributed load of 20 kN/m. Neglect the self-weight of the
beam. Take values of E and I as 205 kN/mm2 and 5537 cm4, respectively.
(a) Calculate the end rotation of the beam.
(b) Compute the maximum deflection for the beam.
(c) If the allowable deflection is , comment on the adequacy or otherwise of the
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deflection of the beam.