Jawahar Navodaya

Vidyalaya
Topic:-

Name:- Jimit Parmar

Class :- 12th
Subject :- General Studies
Guided by :- Ms Kiranjit Kaur Madam
NANAK AND KABIR
BOTH NANAK AND KABIR BELONG TO THE NIRGUNA SCHOOL AND
PREACHED A RELIGIOUS SYSTEM OF MONOTHEISM.
BOTH OF THEM TAUGHT THE ABOLITION OF CASTE AND DOUBTED
THE AUTHORITY OF THE VEDAS AND OTHER SACRED BOOKS.
NOT BELIEVING IN THE RELIGIOUS AUTHORITY, KABIR SOUGHT TO
UNDERSTAND ISLAM AND EVEN TO ESTABLISH A SYNERETIC
SYSTEM APPROPIATE TO THE LIFE OF THE PEOPLE OF INDIA.
NANAK LAID GREAT EMPHASIS ON THE PURITY ON THE CHARACTER
AND CONDUCT AS THE FIRST CONDITION OF APPROACHING
GOD,AND THE NEED OF A GURUFOR GUIDANCE.HE SHOWED A
MYSTIC,CONTEMPLATIVE BENT OF MIND AND PREFERRED THE
COMPANY OF SAINTS AND SADHUS.
NANAK LAID EMPHASIS ON “ONE GOD” ,BY REPEATING WHOSE
NAME AND DWELLING ON IT WITH LOVE AND DEVOTION, ONE
COULD GET SALVATION WITHOUT DISTINCTION OF CASTE,CREED
OR SECT.
BOTHE NANAK AND KABIR CREATED A CLIMATE OF
OPINION WHICH CONTINUED TO WORK THROUGH
THE AGES,SO THAT THEY BECAME THE SYMBOLS
OF HUMAN EQUALITY,HINDU-MUSLIM UNITY AND
OPPOSITION TO CASTE AND AND HYPOCRASY IN
ALL FORMS.
THEY WANTED THE SOCIAL INTEGRATION OF THE
SOCIETY AND A COMMON NATIONALITY.
BY PROMOTING PEACE AND HARMONY THEY
WANTED TO CREATE SOME SORT OF PANACEA
FOR THE LOWER CASTES ,SO AS TO OVERCOME
THE REDUNDANT MULLAHS AND PANDITS.
IMPACT ON BHAKTI MOVEMENT
THE STYLE OF NANAK AND KABIR WAS QUITE NEW TO THE BHAKTI
MOVEMENT.
THEIR STYLE WAS SIMPLE ,CONTINUOUS AND MARKED BY THE
PASSION WHICH IS NEW TO INDIA.THIS OBVIOUSLY ATTRACTED LOT
OF PEOPLE TOWARDS TOWARDS THEM AND THE LATTER BECAME
THE FOLLOWERS OF THE TWO SAINTS.
THEY TOOK BHAKTI MOVEMENT TO THE NEWERE HEIGHTS AND
THEIR STYLES WERE ADOPTED BY THE LATER DAY SAUNTS LIKE
VALLABHACHARYA,NAMDEV,TUKARAM,EKNATH,SHANKERDEV,CHAN
DIDAS ETC.
THEY ALSO CONTRIBUTED TO THE GROWTH OF THE VERNACULAR
LANGUAGES.--------
1.RAMANANDA AND KABIR WERE BRILLANT SPECIMENS OF HINDI
LITERATURE.
2.NAMDEV IN MARATHI LITERATURE.
3.MIRABAI SPOKE IN PEOPLE’S LANGUAGE
4.NANAK ENCOURAGED PUNJABI.
CHANDIDASWAS A FAMOUS BENGALI POET.
BY SEEIN THE IMPACT OF THE BHAKTI MOVEMENT
THE RULERS OF THE TIMEALSO ENCOURAGED
MANY TRANSLATIONS.THE MUSLIM RULERS
OFBENGAL ENCOURAGED SCHOLORS TO
TRANSLATE RAMAYAN AND MAHABHARATA INTO
BENGALI.
GREAT ENCOURAGEMENT WAS GIVEN TO TELGU
LITERATURE BY THE VIJAY NAGAR KINGS.
MOREOVER MANY COMMENTARIES WERE
WRITTEN IN THE BHAKTA YOGA AS EXPOUNDED IN
THE GITA.THE MOST IMPORTANT COMMENTARY
WAS THAT OF THE JYNASHWARA.
THE TEACHINGS OF NANAK AND KABIR IN PARTICULAR AND
THE BHAKTI MOVEMENT IN PARTICULAR INFLUENCED THE
POLICIES OF AKBAR AND SHIVAJI.DIN-I-ILAHI AND SUL-I-KUL
OF AKBAR WAS NOT AN ISOLATED PHENOMENON.
TO CONCLUDE BHAKTI MOVEMENT STIMULATED HINDUISM
INTO THE RETROSPECTIVE AND CRITICAL EXAMINATION AND
KEPT ALIVE HINDUISM BY ATTEMPTING TO SET ONE’S OWN
HOUSE IN ORDER.
SO THE STRUGGLE BETWWEN THE TWO TRENDS ONE
LIBERALA AND NON-SECTARIAN AND OTHER ORTHODOX AND
TRADITIONAL WAS AT THE HEART OF MANY INTELLECTUAL
MOVEMENT WHICH BEGAN IN THE 16TH AND 17TH CENTURIES.
IN THIS CONTINUING STRUGGLE THE IMPACT OF NANAK AND
KABIR WAS BY NO MEANS INSIGNIFICANT.