Stoichiometry – ratio

between molecules
 H O
O
H
+ H H
O

O
H
O H H
H
H + O O
H H H
 O
H
O H H
H
H + O O
H H H

H
O O O
H
H H H H
H H
H
H
+ O
H O
H O
O
O H H H
H
 C7H6O2 (l) + O2(g) CO2(g) + H2O(g)

C7H6O2 (l) + O2(g) 7CO2(g) + H2O(g)

C7H6O2 (l) + O2(g) 7CO2(g) + 3H2O(g)
x2
C7H6O2 (l) + 7.5O2(g) 7CO2(g) + 3H2O(g)
2C7H6O2 (l) + 15O2(g) 14CO2(g) + 6H2O(g)
Mass of one mole of molecules?

Relative molecular mass (Mr)

The relative molecular mass (Mr) of a compound is the mass of a
molecule of that compound relative to the mass of 1/12 of an atom of
carbon-12

O
H H

Mr = 2xAr(H) + 1xAr(O) = 2x1.00 + 1x16.00 = 18.00

 How many atoms???

6.02x1023 atoms
Avogadro’s constant
12g of carbon-12 (NA)

One mole (n) is the amount of

substance that contains the same
number of particles (atoms, 1 mole of carbon-12
molecules, ions) as there are carbon atoms
atoms in 12g of carbon-12.
 6.02x1023 molecules of O2

m
_______
32.00 g of molecular n=
M
oxygen = 1 mol of O2

n = nº moles
m = mass of substance (g)
M = molar mass (g/mol) – the mass of one mole
Volume of one mole of gas?
1 mol of gas

24 dm3 or L 24 dm3 or L 24 dm3 or L

24 dm3
But this volume may
correspond to different
masses (different molecules,
different masses)
How many grams of peaches are produced if we use 600 g of potatoes?

= 100 g

= 200 g!!!
600 g =
= 50 g
Concentration of solutions?

n
_______
C=
V

n = nº moles
V = volume of the solution (dm3)
C = concentration of the solution (mol/dm3)
Moles HCl = Moles NaOH
n
_______
C=  n=CxV
V CNaOH = 1 mol/dm3
CNaOH = 1 mol/dm3 VNaOH = 0.05 dm3
VNaOH = 0.05 dm3
nNaOH = 1 x 0.05 = 0.05 mol
CNaOH = 1 mol/dm3
nNaOH = nHCl = 0.05 mol
VHCl = 0.25 dm3 CHCl = ?? mol/dm3
CHCl = 0.05/0.25 = 0.2 mol/dm3 VHCl = 0.25 dm3