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RV College of world
Engineering
CAEG(21ME16/26)
Computer Aided Engineering Graphics
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Introduction Go, change the
Engineering
world

Try to write a description of this object.

Test your written description by having someone

attempt to make a sketch from your
description.

You can easily understand that …

A picture is worth a thousand words

The word languages are inadequate for describing the size, shape and features
completely as well as concisely.

The mode of communication through sketches is called graphical language

A drawing of an object that contain all necessary information such as actual shape,
accurate size, manufacturing methods etc. required for its construction is called
Engineering Drawing
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Sketch v/s Drawing Go, change the
Engineering
world

Sketching is a freehand drawing that is made from lines to create a picture with minimum
details and a lot of suggestions. It is drawn without using any tools. It is a process of creating
pictures using pencils
Drawing, on the other hand, has more details and is made using pencils, crayons, pastel,
markers, etc. to give more effect. Drawing makes use of tools to create single pass lines that are
more neat and clean than a rough hand sketch
 RV College of Engineering
Unit – I Go, change the world

Introduction: Significance of Engineering graphics, BIS conventions, drawing

sheets, drawing scales, dimensioning, line conventions,material conventions,
Symbolic representation of fasteners- bolts,nuts, riveted, welded, brazed and
soldered joints, bars and profile sections, electrical, electronic elements and
piping.
Use of simple CAD tools: Overview of CAD software,[Menu bar, tabs- sketch,
modify, dimension, annotation and commands]

Orthographic projections : Principles of orthograhics projections- quadrant

systems, projection of points(All quadrants);Projection of lines( first angle
projection);Projection of planes-inclined to HP, VP and PP (first angle
projection)
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Standard sheet size
RV College of
Engineering
world

A4 210 x 297
A3 297 x 420
A2 420 x 594
A1 594 x 841
A0 841 x 1189

(Dimensions in millimeters)

Engineering drawing sheets size as per BIS 10711: 2001

ISO (International Organization for Standardization

 STANDARDS

The Bureau of Indian Standards recommends the “ISO-A series”

size of drawing sheet for engineering drawing works

BIS recommends the following three choices:

First Choice -(ISO -A sizes)

Second Choice- (Special Elongated ISO -A sizes)
Third Choice- (Exceptional Elongated ISO -A sizes)

If X and Y are the sides of the engineering drawing sheet then the
basic principle involved in arriving at the ISO -A sizes are :
• X:Y =1:√2
Title Block, The title block is normally placed in the bottom right of the drawing
frame, and it should contain the following information:

• the name of the company or organization

• the title of the drawing
• the drawing number, which is generally a unique filing identifier
• the scale
• the drawing size
• the angle of projection used, either first or third, generally shown symbolically
• the signature or initials of the draftsman, checker, approving officer, and
issuing officer, with the respective dates
• the material of the part
• the revision number
• the sheet number for multi-sheet drawings
• other information as required (tolerances, surface finish, etc.)
• the name of the CAD software used and its version
• the name of the drawing file
• the name of the source part or assembly file
• the units of the dimensions (if the drawing is mistakenly printed on a
different paper size, the scale becomes meaningless)

The bill of materials should give the following information:

the part number
the part name
the quantity required
material specifications
the drawing number of each individual part
other applicable information
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RV College of
Engineering Line Conventions world
 Drawing scales

A drawing that shows a real object with accurate sizes reduced or enlarged by a certain
amount called scaled drawing.
Dimensions of large objects must be reduced to accommodate on standard size drawing
sheet. This reduction creates a scale of that reduction ratio, which is generally a fraction
& such a scale is called Reducing Scale and the ratio is called Representative Factor.
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RV College of
Engineering Material conventions world
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Dimensioning
RV College of
Engineering
world

•A DIMENSION is a numerical value expressed in

appropriate units of measurement and used to define the
size, location, orientation, form or other geometric
characteristics of a part.
• A method of communication to machinists in the
Production facility.
• Different kinds:
–Linear
– Aligned
– Angular
– Radius/Diameter
– Reference
RV College of
Dimension Basic Terminology Go, change the
Engineering
world

The following symbols are used with dimensions to reveal the shape
identification and to improve drawing interpretation
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RV College of
Engineering Systems of Dimensioning world

Unidirectional Method of  Dimensioning Aligned Method of Dimensioning the

the dimension line should be cut at dimension line should be continuous and
center and dimensions should be placed dimensions should be placed above
in the middle of dimension lines dimension lines
RV College of Symbolic representation of fasteners Go, change the
Engineering
world
(Bolts, nuts and rivets)
A fastener is a device that mechanically joins tow or more objects together.
Most common fastener is a nail.
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Threaded Fasteners
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Engineering
world
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RV College of
Engineering Symbolic representation of rivets world

A rivet is a mechanical fastening consisting of a smooth cylindrical shaft with a head. It

is used to fasten structures such as bridges, skyscrapers, airplanes, locomotives, etc.

SNAP head CSK rivets CSK both

rivets sides rivets
 RV College of Symbolic representation of Go, change the
Engineering
world
welded joints

Welding, Brazing and Soldering are all metal joining processes. To differentiate, Welded joints are
stronger than the brazed and soldered joints. Also, The base metal will fuse in case welding and base
metal will not fuse in remaining two process. Soldered joints are week compared to welded and
brazed joints.
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Symbolic representation of Bars Go, change the
Engineering
and Profile sections world

Bar stocks are also known as blank or billet. It is a common form of raw metal
used by industries to manufacture different parts and other products
 RV College of Symbols for Electric and Electronic Go, change the
elements world
Engineering

An electronic symbol used to represent devices such as wires, batteries, resistors,

transistors etc in a intrgrated circuit schematic diagram( Commonly called IC circuits).
These standardised sysmbols are derived from IEEE,ANSI, AS standards.
Symbol Description
A diode is a semiconductor device that essentially acts as a one-way switch for
current. It allows current to flow easily in one direction, but severely restricts current
from flowing in the opposite direction.

Capacitor is a device for storing electrical energy consisting of two conductors in

close proximity and insulated from each other
An inductor is a passive electrical component that opposes sudden changes in
current. Inductors are also known as coils or chokes.

Resistors are used for controlling the current flow

Logic gates (And, Nand, Or, Nor, Xor, Inverter) are used to make decisions so that
electrical outputs only 'turn on' when the correct logic sequence has been applied
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Piping and Instrumentation symbols
RV College of
Engineering
world

A piping and instrumentation diagram (P&ID) is a graphic representation of a process

system that includes the piping, vessels, control valves, instrumentation, and other
process components and equipment in the system.

Pipe

Pressure Vessel

Fan

Signals
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Engineering
world

Orthographic
Projections
 RV College of
Engineering Perspective Projections Go, change the
world

Perspective projection is a method of drawing three-dimensional objects on a

projection plane, of an image as it is seen by the eye. In perspective projection
farther away object from the viewer, small it appears.

In orthographic projection, all objects appear at the same scale on projection

plane. It is a form of parallel projection, in which all the projection lines are
orthogonal to the projection plane,

25
 RV College of
Engineering Orthographic Projections Go, change the
world

Orthographic Projection is a method of representing a three dimensional object on paper

using several two dimensional views
. View
2-D
point
projection
at 

3-D object Parallel

projection
rays

Projection plane
In orthographic projection, the projection
rays are parallel (view point at infinity)
30
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Engineering Orthographic Projections world
RV College of
Engineering Orthographic Projections Go, change the
world

Planes of Projection Different views of Projection

1. Horizontal Plane 1. Top view
2. Vertical Plane 2. Front view
3. Profile Plane (Left and Right) 3. Side view (Left and Right)
RV College of
Engineering Orthographic Projections Go, change the
world

Planes of Projection Different views of Projection

1. Horizontal Plane 1. Top view
2. Vertical Plane 2. Front view
3. Profile Plane (Left and Right) 3. Side view (Left and Right)
RV College of
Engineering Orthographic Projections Go, change the
world

Quadrants of projection

First quadrant Second quadrant

RV College of
Engineering Orthographic Projections Go, change the
world

Quadrants of projection

Third quadrant Fourth quadrant

RV College of
Engineering Orthographic Projections Go, change the
world
RV College of Go, change the
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