TIME STUDY : RATING

By :

Abhishek Mahajan
Aditi Jain
Harshit Khurana
Heena Goyal
Topics for today

Time study: rating

Types of workers

Effect of ineffective time on performance

Factors affecting the rate of working

Rating standards

Basic Time & Standard Time

Recording and calculation in the study

Time Study : Rating

 Time Study not an exact science

 Time study should be done on average

qualified worker

 Time standards set on the basis of rate

of working of inexperienced worker
could be seriously flawed
Standard Rating

• Rating : The assessment of a workers rate of working relative to the

observers concept of the rate corresponding to standard pace

• Standard rating: The standard pace at which qualified workers will

naturally work at a job.

• Varies widely with environmental conditions

• Example : Dealing a pack of 52 cards in 0.375 mins

Standard Performance

• The rate of output which qualified workers will naturally achieve

without over exertion as an average over the working day or shift

• they know and adhere to the specified method

• they are motivated to apply themselves to their work

• Denoted as 100 on the standard rating and performance scales.

Qualified Worker Average Worker

Has skills which represent the

has acquired the skill,
average working skill of the
knowledge and other attributes
organization

carries out the work in hand to

Does not exist in reality,
satisfactory standards of
mentioned only by statisticians
quantity, quality and safety

Skills are represented

graphically from a normal
distribution curve
Characteristic of an Experienced Worker

• Achieves smooth and consistent movements

• Acquires rhythm

• Responds more rapidly to signals

• Anticipates difficulties and is more ready to overcome them

• Carries out the task without giving the appearance of

conscious attention and is more relaxed
Normal Dist. Curve of an
Average Worker
The Effect Of Ineffective Time On Performance
The Effect Of Payments by Result Incentives
What is Rated ?

 The purpose of rating is to determine the standard time

which can be maintained by the average qualified worker
and which can be used as a realistic basis for planning,
control and incentive schemes.
• What the study person is concerned with is therefore

the speed with which the operator carries out the work,
in relation to the study person’s concept of a normal
speed.

Speed of what?
• the effort which the operator exerts to carry out the work,
in relation to the study person’s concept of a normal
effort.

What effort?
Factors Affecting Rate of Working
Outside Operators Control:

• Variation in quality of materials used

• Variation in operational efficiency of tools
• Unavoidable changes in conditions of operation
• Changes in climatic conditions

Inside Operators Control:

• Variation due to his ability

• Variation due to his attitude
• Variations in the quality of the product
 Rate of working is affected by affecting:

 The pattern of movements of operator

 Working pace of operator

 Both in varying proportion

 Optimum pace of work depends upon:


 Physical effort needed

 Care required on part of the worker

 Training & experience of the worker
Cautions for the Study Person

 He should not rate too highly when the worker

 looks worried or is in a haste
 obviously over careful
 he is not conversant with the job

 He should not rate too low when the worker

 makes the job look easy
 is performing heavy manual work
 he is tired
 Scales of Rating

 Several scales of rating in use: 60-80, 75-100 & 100-133 scales

 75-100, also reinstated as 0-100 scale, is the British Standard and is the most
commonly used scale of rating

 Lower figure-> rate of working of an operative on time rates of pay

 Higher figure->rate of working of qualified workers who are suitably

motivated to work

 Their effectiveness is about 1/3rd more than those who belong to the lower figure.
Examples of various rates of Working
How the Rating Factor is Used

• A skilled worker will have a higher rating factor than a less skilled
worker

• It is usual practice to round off ratings to the nearest multiple of five on

the scale; that is to say, if the rate is judged to be 13 per cent above
standard, it would be put down at 115.

• If the study person’s ratings were always perfect, however many times
an element were rated and timed, the results should be that:

Observed time x rating = a constant

• Provided that the element is of the type described as a
constant element and that it is always performed in
the same way.

• An example, expressed numerically, might read as

follows:
Basic Time

 Each observed time is converted into ‘Basic Time’

 Basic Time is the time for carrying out an element of

work at standard rating , i.e.
Basic Time Calculation
 In the case of the 0-100 standard, rating makes it a
percentage which when multiplied by the observed time,
produces the constant known as the “basic time” for the
element.
 If the operator was judged to be working more slowly
than the standard, a basic time less than the
observed time would be arrived at, for example:
Standard Time
Basic Time = Observed Time + Rating Factor

Work content = Relaxation allowances + Basic Time + Contingency Allowance

Standard Time = Unavoidable delays + work content

Reasons for Basic Time not being
Constant In Practice

 Variations in the work content of the element

 Inaccuracies in noting & recording observed times

 Inaccuracies in rating

 Variations due to rating to the nearest five points

Recording the Rating
 Each element of an activity must be rated during its
performance without regard to previous or succeeding elements

 Rating should be done when the element is in progress

 For short repetitive cycles, every cycle may be rated

 Long elements, though timed up as a whole, should be rated

every half-minute

 Greater accuracy can be attained after very long training and

practice
 DONT’S

DO’S
Card Dealing
Description

• Dealing of 52 cards at the four corners of a square of one

foot side. Left hand holds the pack and helps to pick up
one card at a time and the right hand deals.

• Time for normal performance = 0.50 minutes

Time and Corresponding Rating
Time in minutes Rating Time in minutes Rating
.30 167
.46 110
.31 162
.48 105
.32 157
.50 105
.33 152
.53 95
.34 148
.56 90
.35 144
.59 85
.36 140
.63 80
.37 135
.67 75
.38 132
.72 70
.39 129
.77 65
.40 125
.83 60
.42 120
.92 55
.44 115
1.00 50
Peg Board Filling
Description

• Filling of 30 standard size pins in the standard pin board

(Barne’s 8” x 7” of 6 holes 3/8” dia.)

• Method used will be to fill the two central lines first and
then proceeding to fill the lines outward. Material is kept
away from the operator and the filling is started with the
holes nearest to the operator.

• Time for normal performance = 0.40 minutes

Time and Corresponding Rating
Time in minutes Rating Time in minutes Rating
.25 165 .38 109
.26 159 .39 106
.27 153 .40 103
.28 147 .41 100
.29 142 .43 96
.30 138 .45 92
.31 134 .47 88
.32 129 .50 83
.33 125 .53 78
.34 122 .56 74
.35 118 .60 69
.36 115 .65 64
.37 112 .70 59
Walking
Description

• Walking on level ground without load. Normal of 100%

assumed when walking at an average rate of 3 miles an
hour.

• Time for walking 50 ft. at normal performance = 0.19

minutes
Time and Corresponding Rating
Time in minutes Rating Time in minutes Rating
.11 172 .24 79
.12 158 .25 76
.13 145 .26 73
.14 135 .27 70
.15 126 .28 68
.16 118 .29 65
.17 111 .30 63
.18 105 .31 61
.19 100 .32 59
.20 95 .33 58
.21 90 .34 56
.22 86 .35 54
.23 82 .36 53
Thank
You