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  • Materials Emitted From Volcanic Eruptions: Lesson 15.5

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    Khobie Pabilico
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    1) When volcanoes erupt, they release molten rock called lava and eject fragmented volcanic materials such as ash, cinders, and volcanic bombs. 2) Lava can take different forms depending on its composition, including pahoehoe lava which is ropy, aa lava which is jagged, and pillow lava which forms blobs. 3) Volcanoes also emit volcaniclastic deposits and volatile materials such as ash, cinder, and volcanic glass during explosive eruptions.

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    1) When volcanoes erupt, they release molten rock called lava and eject fragmented volcanic materials such as ash, cinders, and volcanic bombs. 2) Lava can take different forms depending on its composition, including pahoehoe lava which is ropy, aa lava which is jagged, and pillow lava which forms blobs. 3) Volcanoes also emit volcaniclastic deposits and volatile materials such as ash, cinder, and volcanic glass during explosive eruptions.

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    6 views16 pages

    Materials Emitted From Volcanic Eruptions: Lesson 15.5

    Uploaded by

    Khobie Pabilico
    1) When volcanoes erupt, they release molten rock called lava and eject fragmented volcanic materials such as ash, cinders, and volcanic bombs. 2) Lava can take different forms depending on its composition, including pahoehoe lava which is ropy, aa lava which is jagged, and pillow lava which forms blobs. 3) Volcanoes also emit volcaniclastic deposits and volatile materials such as ash, cinder, and volcanic glass during explosive eruptions.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 16

    Lesson 15.

    Materials Emitted from


    Volcanic Eruptions
    explain what happens
    Objectives 1 when volcanoes erupt;
    and
    At the end
    of the
    lesson, you describe the materials
    should be 2 released by volcanoes
    able to: when they erupt.
    Learn about It!

    Magma
    • molten rocks inside the
    volcano

    Lava
    • molten rocks ejected into
    the surface of the volcano
    Lava lake formation at Mt.
    Kilauea’s eruption in 1954
    (Hawaii)
    Learn about It!

    Volcanic Materials
    Volcanic materials are
    classified into three:

    • Lava
    • Volcaniclastic deposits
    • Volatile materials

    Merapi Volcano (Indonesia) released


    lava on its eruption last 2018.
    Learn about It!

    Types of Volcanic Materials


    Lava
    • primary product of eruptions

    • derived from anatexis of the


    crust and mantle at specific
    conditions and include liquid
    mineral ions, solid crystals
    and glasses, and dissolved
    volatiles. Lava flow from a volcanic
    eruption in Hawaii
    Learn about It!

    Types of Volcanic Materials


    Lava
    • Lavas crystallize into fine-
    grained volcanic rock (e.g.
    basalt, andesite, rhyolite)
    when subjected to cooling.

    A chunk of Andesite thrown by the


    eruption of Mount Redoubt in 2009
    Learn about It!

    Types of Volcanic Materials


    Lava
    • Quenching is the process when
    lava freezes instantaneously when
    exposed to air, water, or ground.

    • This prevents any crystals from


    forming at all and results in a non-
    crystalline mineraloid called
    volcanic glass (e.g. obsidian,
    palagonite). An obsidian stone volcanic glass
    Learn about It!

    Types of Volcanic Materials


    Lava

    • Viscosity of lava
    (thickness)
    depends on silica-
    content.

    Lava flow depends on amount of silica.


    Learn about It!

    Types of Volcanic Materials


    Types of Lava Flows

    • Basaltic lava flows


    • Andesitic lava flows
    • Rhyolitic lava flows

    Basaltic lava flow from a volcanic


    eruption in Hawaii
    Learn about It!

    Types of Lava Flows


    Basaltic Lava Flows
    • silica-depleted and very
    hot, and thus have a very
    low viscosity when erupted

    • capable of fast movement


    on steep slopes, and some
    flows may reach up to 500
    km from their source Lava tube, an insulating crust that
    allows the interior of the flow to
    remain hot and molten.
    Learn about It!

    Types of Lava Flows


    Basaltic Lava Flows

    ● Types:

    ○ Pahoehoe - ropy lava


    ○ Aa lava - spiny lava
    ○ Columnar jointing - well-formed hexagonal columns
    perpendicular to the flow
    ○ Pillow lava - blobs of lava
    Learn about It!

    Types of Lava Flows


    Types of Basaltic Lava Flows

    Pahoehoe Aa lava
    Learn about It!

    Types of Lava Flows


    Types of Basaltic Lava Flows

    Pillow lava Columnar jointing


    Learn about It!

    Types of Lava Flows


    Andesitic Lava Flows
    • have an intermediate
    viscosity, and cannot
    flow easily therefore
    forming large angular
    blocks Cooled andesite
    lava flow at
    • Andesitic flows do not Brokeoff Volcano
    typically move further (Mount Tehama)
    in California,
    than 10 km. USA.
    Learn about It!

    Types of Lava Flows


    Rhyolitic Lava Flows
    • most silica-enriched and have
    the lowest temperatures

    • The extremely low viscosity


    they exhibit results in a blocky,
    bulbous mass of a flow.

    • form lava domes


    Mt. Cleveland Lava Dome
    Learn about It!

    Types of Volcanic Materials


    Volcaniclastic Deposits
    • large quantities of fragmental igneous debris

    • include fragments of frozen ejected lava, fragments of


    pre-existing volcanic rock blasted apart by an explosive
    eruption, and debris from a volcano's flank carried down
    by mass wasting

    • Pyroclastic debris is any volcanic fragments produced


    directly by eruptions.

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