LOGARITHM

© 2016 SMART Training Resources Pvt. Ltd.

LOGARITHM

• Let a be a positive number other than 1 and let x be a real number.

• If ax = b, then this can be written as logab = x

• From the definition of logarithm, we can deduce that, log1 = 0 and

logaa = 1
Product rule

• logamn = logam + logan, where m and n are positive numbers and a ≠

0
Quotient rule
• , where m and n are positive numbers and a ≠ 0

© 2016 SMART Training Resources Pvt. Ltd.

Power rule
• , where m is a positive number and a  0
Change of base rule
• where m, a and b are positive numbers and a  0 and b  0
Important results on logarithm

© 2016 SMART Training Resources Pvt. Ltd.

Application 1

© 2016 SMART Training Resources Pvt. Ltd.

Application 2

© 2016 SMART Training Resources Pvt. Ltd.

alog
log(bxc 
y y )logblog
a x  log y
x   c. .
y 1

© 2016 SMART Training Resources Pvt. Ltd.

Application 3

© 2016 SMART Training Resources Pvt. Ltd.

Application 4

© 2016 SMART Training Resources Pvt. Ltd.

© 2016 SMART Training Resources Pvt. Ltd.
Application 5

© 2016 SMART Training Resources Pvt. Ltd.

Application 6

© 2016 SMART Training Resources Pvt. Ltd.

Key Points

© 2016 SMART Training Resources Pvt. Ltd.

PRACTICE EXERCISE
1. The value of log2 (log2(log3 (log3273))) is
(a) 14 (b) 16 (c) 0 (d) 25

2. Simplify: [1/logxy (xyz) + 1/logyz (xyz) + 1/logxz (xyz)]

(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 2 (d) 0

3. Product of roots of log5 (x2)= 6

(a) -15625 (b) 15625 (c) 15265 (d) -15265

© 2016 SMART Training Resources Pvt. Ltd.

4. log23.log3 4.log4 5...logn (n + 1) = 10 then the value of n is
(a) 9 (b) 99 (c) 1023 (d) 999

√
log 3 243 √ 81 √ 3
3

=¿
4
log 2 √64 +log 𝑒 𝑒
5. −10

(a) -43/102 (b) 64 (c) 27 (d) None of these

6. If log 2 = 0.30103, the number of digits in 520 is

(a) 18 (b) 14 (c) 24 (d) 20

© 2016 SMART Training Resources Pvt. Ltd.

7. If log10 5 + log10 (5x + 1) = log10 (x + 5) + 1, then x is equal to
(a) 5 (b) 3 (c) 10 (d) 1

8. If log32 A= 0.8, then A is equal to

(a) 16 (b) 256 (c) 10 (d) 128

9. If log10 36 = y, what does log10 36000 equal?

(a) 1000 (b) y (c) y + 1000 (d) y + 3

© 2016 SMART Training Resources Pvt. Ltd.

10. log 82 + log 8(1/2) = ?
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 8

11. =?
(a) 1 (b) -2 (c) -6 (d) -8

12. What is the value of ? (Take value of log 2 = 0.3)

(a) 0.3 (b) -3/7 (c) -0.06 (d) -1/10

© 2016 SMART Training Resources Pvt. Ltd.

13. Find logx2, if x3=128.
(a) 4/3 (b) ¾ (c) 3/7 (d) 7/3

14. Find x if = - x.
(a) 4 (b) 2 (c) (d)

15. Find x if a^(2) = 49.

(a) 7/2 (b) 49/2 (c) 7 (d) 49

© 2016 SMART Training Resources Pvt. Ltd.

16. + + + +......... upto 20 terms.
(a) 40/log2 (b) 420/log2 (c) 380/log2 (d) None of these

17. Find + + + ..... upto ∝.

(a) (b) (c) (d)

18. Find the value of

(a) 11/2 (b) 7 (c) 0 (d) 10/3

© 2016 SMART Training Resources Pvt. Ltd.

19. If find the value of x.
(a) 12 (b) 16 (c) 18 (d) 24

20. Simplify:
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3

© 2016 SMART Training Resources Pvt. Ltd.