PROBABILITY

DISTRIBUTIONS OF
DISCRETE RANDOM
VARIABLES
LESSON NO. 2
 Illustrate Compute Construct
• Illustrate the • Compute • Construct the
probability probabilities probability mass
distribution for corresponding to function of a
discrete random a given discrete discrete random
OBJECTIVES variable and it’s
variables and it’s random variable;
: properties; and corresponding
histogram.
 Discrete Probability Distribution
A Discrete Probability Distribution consists of the values a
random variable can assume and the corresponding
probabilities..
Example: If two coins are tossed, the possible outcomes are HH, HT, TH or TT. If X is
the random variable for the number of head.
Possible Values of the
outcomes random variable No Heads One Heads Two Heads
X (no. of heads) 1 2 = 1
HH 2 4 4 4

HT 1 Number of 0 1 2
heads, X

TH 1 Probability, P(X)

TT 0
Example 1: Construct a probability distribution for rolling a
single die.

Sample space = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 }

Each outcome has a probability of .

Outcome, X 1 2 3 4 5 6
P(X)
 PROPERTIES OF DISCRETE PROBABILITY
DISTRIBUTION
1. The sum of all probabilities should be 1.
𝑃 ( 𝑋 ) =1

2. Probabilities should be confined between zero (0) and 1.

0≤ 𝑃 (𝑋 )≤1

Number of heads, X 0 1 2
Probability, P(X)

1 1 1
( )
𝑃 𝑋 = + + =1
4 2 4
Example 2: Determine whether the distributions is a
discrete probability distribution.
𝑃 ( 𝑋 ) =1 0≤ 𝑃 (𝑋 )≤1

X 3 6 8 x 1 2 3 4 5
a) P(X) -0.3 0.6 0.7
b) P(X)

No, it is not a discrete probability

distribution, P(X) cannot be -0.3. Yes, it is a discrete probability
distribution.
3 1 1 2 3
𝑃 ( 𝑋 )= + + + +
10 10 10 10 10

𝑃 ( 𝑋 ) =1
 Example 3: Supposed three coins are tossed. Let Y be the random variable
representing the number of tails. Construct the probability distribution and
draw the histogram.
Number of 0 1 2 3
tails, Y
Probability, 1 3 3 1
P(Y) 8 8 8 8
Possibl Value of the
e random variable
outco Y (number of
mes tails)
3
HHH 0 8
HHT 1
2
HTH 1 8
HTT 2
1
THH 1 8
THT 2
TTH 2 0
0 1 2 3
TTT 3
 Example 4: Box A and Box B contain 1, 2, 3, 4. Write the probability mass
function and draw the histogram of the sum when one number from each box
is taken at a time, with replacement.

X 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
P(X) 1 2 1 3 4 1 3 2 1 1
1 2 ¿ ¿ ¿
3 4
16 16 8 16 16 4 16 16 8 16
1 2
4
3 4 16

(1 ,1) (2 ,1) (3 , 1) (4 ,1) 3

2 3 4 5 16

(1 ,2) (2 , 2) (3 , 2) (4 , 2) 2
16
3 4 5 6

(1 ,3) (2 , 3) (3 , 3) (4 , 3) 1
16
4 5 6 7
(1 , 4) (2 , 4) (3 , 4 ) (4 , 4) 0
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
5 6 7 8
 Example 5: The following data show the probabilities for the number of
cars sold in a given day at a car dealer store.
a) Find

Number of Probability,
Cars, X P(X)
¿ 0.100+ 0.150+0.250
0 0.100
¿ 0.500
1 0.150
2 0.250 b) Find
3 0.140
4 0.090
5 0.080 ¿ 0.050+ 0.040+0.025+0.015
6 0.060
7 0.050
¿ 0.130
8 0.040
9 0.025
10 0.015
 Example 5: The following data show the probabilities for the number of
cars sold in a given day at a car dealer store.
c) Find

Number of Probability,
𝑃 ( 1 ≤ 𝑋 ≤ 5 )=𝑃 ( 1 )+ 𝑃 ( 2 ) + 𝑃 ( 3 ) + 𝑃 ( 4 )+ 𝑃 (5)
Cars, X P(X)
¿ 0.150+ 0.250+0.140+0.090 +0.080
0 0.100
¿ 0.710
1 0.150
2 0.250
3 0.140
4 0.090
5 0.080
6 0.060
7 0.050
8 0.040
9 0.025
10 0.015
LONG QUIZ NO. 1

DATE: FEB. 14, 2022 (MONDAY)

TIME: FROM 12:00PM UNTIL 6:00PM

HAPPY QUIZ DAY! I MEAN, HAPPY VALENTINE’S DAY!

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