GLOSSARY OF THE PETROLEUM

INDUSTRY (ENGLISH - SPANISH)

UNIT 1. THE PETROLEUM

ENGLISH FOR THE INDUSTRY ... A PERSPECTIVE
OIL AND GAS
INDUSTRY
UNIT 2. THE CONTINUING SEARCH

ADDITIONAL DOCUMENTS AND

ILLUSTRATIONS

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ENGLISH FOR THE
OIL & GAS INDUSTRY
GLOSSARY - PROGRAM - OBJECTIVES –
AN INTRODUCTION

THE BEGINNING … A HISTORICAL VIEW

THE DEVELOPMENT OF A DRILLING TECHNOLOGY

THE PETROLEUM
INDUSTRY ... A THE GROWTH OF THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY
PERSPECTIVE
THE GROWTH OF THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY IN PERU

AN INDUSTRY OVERVIEW

CONTRIBUTIONS AND ACHIEVEMENTS

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THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY…A PERSPECTIVE
THE BEGINNING…A HISTORICAL VIEW
• The word “Petroleum” is derived from the Greek and Latin words “petra”,
meaning rock or stone, and “oleum”, meaning oil. 1
• Petroleum has been known and used for over 5,000 years.
• Although it has always been important to the people who used it,
petroleum has today become an indispensable resource.
• After 1750, and the dramatic events which followed the industrial
revolution, petroleum became essential to an industrialized world.
• Today it has become man’s most important source of energy.

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 How much do you know
about history?
Work in pairs and try to remember! (one minute)

• When did the “Industrial Revolution” begin?

• When did steam engines started to be used?

• Who invented the telegraph?

• When did kerosene began to be used?

Note: You will know these answers by the end of this
class! 4
 How much do you know
about history?
Work in pairs and try to remember! (one minute)

• When did the “Industrial Revolution” begin?

In 1750 started the Industrial Revolution
• When did steam engines started to be used?
In 1769 James Watt developed the steam engine
• Who invented the telegraph?
In 1837 Samuel Morse invented the telegraph
• When did kerosene began to be used?
In 1852 when the kerosene lamp replaced the lantern

Note: You will know these answers by the end of this

class! 5
THE BEGINNING…A HISTORICAL VIEW
OIL’S EARLY DISCOVERY AND USE
• The source of most petroleum during the entire period of its early use was
generally a seepage or oil seep at the surface.
• A subsurface reservoir was discovered when boring for water or brine.
• These sources of limited availability, provided man with a valuable
resource that he learned how to use for his benefit.
• The primary uses were for construction of roads and buildings, fuel and
illumination, waterproofing of boats, wars and for medicinal and
cosmetic goods. 3

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THE BEGINNING…A HISTORICAL VIEW
A HISTORICAL REVIEW OF OIL’S EARLY USE
• 3000 B.C. Middle East
• 2000 B.C. Egypt
• 1200 B.C. China
• 500 B.C. -500 A.D. Greece and Roma
• 1200 A.D. Moslems

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THE BEGINNING…A HISTORICAL VIEW
A HISTORICAL REVIEW OF OIL’S EARLY USE
3000 B.C. Middle East
• All the great civilizations
that developed in the
Middle East, used
bitumen to construct
buildings, roads and to ANCIENT MIDDLE EAST BOAT
waterproof boats.

2000 B.C. Egypt

• Ancient egyptians used
pitch, or natural asphalt,
as caulking for their
boats, lubrication for
chariot axles, in wars,
and in preparation and
embalming of mummies. 8
THE BEGINNING…A HISTORICAL VIEW
A HISTORICAL REVIEW OF OIL’S EARLY USE

1200 B.C. China

• In China, natural gas and oil were found
when boring for brine.
• They used oil and gas for fuel and
developed a primitive pipeline for moving
fuels closer to usage areas.

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THE BEGINNING…A HISTORICAL VIEW
A HISTORICAL REVIEW OF OIL’S EARLY USE
500 B.C. – 500 A.D. Greece and Roma
• Use of bitumen, or asphalt, declined during the periods
of Greek and Roman civilization.

• Local use in arid regions, continued uninterrupted.

• Oil was used to keep fires ablaze, wood and coal to heat and cook and whale
oil for light. Tar or “rock oil” was seen as a substance to avoid.

• They learned how to make fire burn on water using a mixture of oil with sulfur,
and it would burn the wooden ships of their enemies.
CAPTURING WHALES FOR OIL GREEK FIRE

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THE BEGINNING…A HISTORICAL VIEW
A HISTORICAL REVIEW OF OIL’S EARLY USE
1200 A.D. Moslems
• During the great period of Moslem
expansion, while Europe was engulfed in
the Dark Ages, the Moslems learned how
to distill petroleum.
• Moslems made considerable use of pitch for
illumination.

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THE BEGINNING…A HISTORICAL VIEW
THE AGE OF TECHNOLOGICAL AND INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
• After 1750, man’s increasing accumulation of knowledge and his hability
to apply that knowledge transformed his world.
• This period of great change was described as the “Industrial Revolution”.4
• There was a technological revolution as new machines were invented and
developed, a transportation and communication revolution, etc.
• The technological revolution contributed to political and social upheavals,
such as the American and French Revolutions.
• These events were followed by changes like the revolution in illumination.
• The effects of these changes created a need for new and cheaper sources
of energy and the world was set for the beginning of an energy revolution
that continues to this day.

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THE BEGINNING…A HISTORICAL VIEW
THE EVENTS THAT CREATED AN INDUSTRY
• 1750 Industrial Revolution
• 1769 England-Technological Developments
• 1775-1815 France/USA-Political & Social Revolution
• 1804-1837 Transportation & Communications Revolution
• 1852 Illumination Revolution
• 1857 Rumania Development of Commercial Oil Industry
• 1859 Pennsylvania USA (1st. well drilled in the world)
• 1863 Zorritos – Tumbes Peru (2nd. well drilled in the world and
1st. In South America), flowing 60 BOPD of 35° API from a
reservoir at 24 meters depth. 7

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THE BEGINNING…A HISTORICAL VIEW
THE EVENTS THAT CREATED AN INDUSTRY
BEFORE
• Society consisted of self-sufficient farmers supported by handicrafts in the
home. 2
• Towns had specialty craftsmen who exchanged services for food.

1750
• Tremendous changes began ocurring in agricultural and industrial
production techniques that changed the way people lived.

AFTER
• Society consisted of increasingly dependent individuals supported by
cottage and factory type industries. 5
• Increased growing concentrations of people in towns and cities.
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THE BEGINNING…A HISTORICAL VIEW
THE EVENTS THAT CREATED AN INDUSTRY
1769. James Watt developed an improved the steam
engine.
• Technological developments laid the fundation for
an industrial revolution.
JAMES WATT 1769

1775-1815. During this period, tremendous political and STEAM ENGINE 1769
social forces were unleashed.
• The political and social revolution laid the
foundation for a period of nationalism and
imperialism. 6

FRENCH REVOLUTION

AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE
THE BEGINNING…A HISTORICAL VIEW
THE EVENTS THAT CREATED AN INDUSTRY
1804-1837
• In 1804, Richard Trevithick developed a steam road engine.
• In 1807, Robert Fulton developed a steam boat.
• In 1837, Samuel Morse invented the telegraph.
• Thus, the world experienced a revolution in transportation
and a communication. 6

RICHARD TREVITHICK ROBERT FULTON SAMUEL MORSE 16

THE BEGINNING…A HISTORICAL VIEW
KEROSENE LAMP
THE EVENTS THAT CREATED AN INDUSTRY
1852. It was discovered that “rock ANCIENT LANTERN
oil” could be distilled and
would yield kerosene.
• Kerosene lamp rapidly replaced
the lantern and a revolution in
illumination occurred. 6
1857. As more uses were found for
oil, demand increased. OIL FIELD AT RUMANIA 1920

• This led to the development of a

commercial oil industry.
• In Rumania, workmen dug wells
using hand tools and removed
oil in bags and buckets.
• The need for more oil was
established. 17
 CHRONOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
---------3000 years----- ---><---------1769 y--------<-------------------68 years-------------- 
---------------B.C.-------- -----><----------------------------------A.D.------------------------------------
3000---1000---2000--800--1200>1700<500--700—1200--569—1769--35--1804--3---1807--1--1808-----29---1837
(M.E.) (Egypt) (China) (Gr&Ro) (Moslem) (Watt) (Trevi.) (Fulton) (Ruffner) (Morse)
constr. + + = + + steam steam foot pwr. telegraph
roads lubricant fuel kerosene steam road boat spring.pole
caulkin embalm pipeline (from coal) engine engine engine percussion
(seepage) (seep.) (seep.) (seep.) (seepage) (ditch) (ditch) (ditch) (drilling)

1775------------40 years--------1815
(Social & Political Revolution)

>--------------------------------------------------93 years----------------------------------------------- 
(161y)
1837--15---1852---5---1857---2---1859--19---1878---8---1886--11—1897--3—1900-10-1910---3---1913---17---1930
(Morse) kerosene Rumania (Drake) (Edison) (Bnz-Got) (Diesel) (Lucas) growth termal taxes to
telegr. (from oil) commerce steam incandesnt. Internal internal hydraulic automob. cracking construc.
sprg.pole engine light combust. oil combu. rotary industry (gas-ker. thousands
percuss. percuss. engine engine drilling gasoline) of roads
drilling drilling

1930-------------------------------------------------87 years---------------------------------------201718
 THE BEGINNING…A HISTORICAL VIEW - GLOSSARY OF TERMS
A.D.: Annus Dominus Oil seep or Seepage Afloramiento de petróleo
Ablaze: Encendido. En llamas Peddled: Vendedor de puerta en puerta
Ailments: Dolencias Pipeline: Ducto, tubería
Bags: Odres Pitch, Bitumen or Asphalt: Brea, Alquitrán
Boring: Horadaban Resources: Recursos
Brine: Salmuera Self sufficient: Que se basta a si mismo
Buckets: Baldes Sources: Fuentes
Caulking: Impermeabilización de botes Steam boat engine: Bote con motor a vapor
Cottage: Actividades de campo Steam road engine: Coche con motor a vapor
Cover: Cubrir, ocupar, invadir Supported: Sostenidos, amparados
Craftsmen: Artesanos Thus: De esta manera
Chariot axles: Ejes de carretas Unleashed: Desencadenaron
Dug: Cavaron Upheavals: Trastornos
Embalming: Embalsamiento (mummies) Usage área: Uso de área o tratamiento
Goods: Productos Warts: Verrugas
Handicrafts: mano de obra, oficio Waterproof: Impermeabilizar
Laid the foundation: Sentaron las bases Were feared: Fueron atemorizados
Lantern, Torch: Candil, antorcha Whale oil: Aceite de ballena
Led: Condujo Would yield: Podría producir
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THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY…A PERSPECTIVE
THE BEGINNING…A HISTORICAL VIEW
SELF – CHECK (Complete the following statements)

1. The word “petroleum” means r………………. o……………

2. Before 1750, people were primarily characterized as being s…..…...-

s……………...…. farmers supported by h..……..……..……. in the home.

3. Name four ancient uses for petroleum:

I) c……………………………….. II) f……………….………….………………..
III) w……………………….……. IV) m………………………………………………

4. The period of rapid change that began about 1750 is known as the
“I…………………..………….. R…………..…………………….. “
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THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY…A PERSPECTIVE
THE BEGINNING…A HISTORICAL VIEW
SELF – CHECK (Complete the following statements)

5. After 1750, people were characterized as being increasingly d…..

……….............. individuals supported by c………..…..……………... and f.
…………..……….….….. type industries.

6. Name four of the component revolutions that occurred after 1750.

I) i………………..……………………….. II) t…………..………………………………..
III) p……………………………………….IV) s……………………………………………

7. The first well drilled in South America for oil was in Z……..….……….,
T………………...…, Northwest P…………….… and produced ….…... BOPD of
…….… API from a reservoir at ………….… meters depth.

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THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY…A PERSPECTIVE
THE BEGINNING…A HISTORICAL VIEW
SELF – CHECK (Complete the following statements)

1. The word “petroleum” means rock oil.

2. Before 1750, people were primarily characterized as being

self-sufficient farmers supported by handicrafts in the home.

3. Name four ancient uses for petroleum

I) construction of roads and buildings II) fuel and illumination
III) waterproofing of boats IV) medicinal and cosmetic goods

4. The period of rapid change that began about 1750 is known as the
“Industrial Revolution“

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THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY…A PERSPECTIVE
THE BEGINNING…A HISTORICAL VIEW
SELF – CHECK (Complete the following statements)

5. After 1750, people were characterized as being increasingly

dependent individuals supported by cottage and factory type
industries.

6. Name four of the component revolutions that occurred after 1750.

I) illumination revolution II) transportation revolution
III) political revolution IV) social revolution

7. The first well drilled in South America for oil was in Zorritos,
Tumbes, Northwest Perú and produced 60 BOPD of 35° API at 24
meters depth.
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 DOCUMENTS & ILLUSTRATIONS
HISTORY OF OIL PART 2
(32MB.10 MIN. ON BLACKBOARD)

TECHNOLOGY & MACHINES OF ANCIENT CHINA

(124MB 41MIN. ON BLACKBOARD)
NATURAL OIL SEEPS EXPLAINED
(35MB 3MIN. PROJECTED)
HUMANS AND ENERGY WORLD HISTORY
(68MB 7MIN. ON BLACKBOARD)
THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
(18MB.5MIN. PROJECTED)

WHERE WE REALLY STAND OF THE ISSUE OF CLIMATE CHANGE?

(73MB.6MIN. ON BLACKBOARD)
FARMING MAN ON THE LAND
(60MB.15MIN)
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION OVERVIEW
(48Mb.20MIN)

SAVING THE PLANET

(GEORGE CARLIN.20.5MB.8MIN. PROJECTED) 24