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Innate Immune System
Innate Immune System
• Influenza epidemic
1918-1919 Killed 22
million people in 18
months.
• Three million people will
die from malaria this year.
• Since 1980, over 619,000
people have died from
AIDS in the U.S.
• Ever seen Contagion?
Overview of the Immune System
Parts of the Immune
System
•Innate Immunity
•Barrier Defenses
•Cellular Response
•Chemical Response
•Adaptive Immunity
•Cell Mediated Response
•Humoral Response
3
First Line of Defense
Innate Immunity (Nonspecific Immunity)
4
Body Passages and Innate Immunity
5
Second Line of Defense
Phagocytes and the Chemicals Released
9
Dendritic Cells
King of the Immune System
•Dendritic cells
are important in
adaptive
immunity as an
antigen
presenting cell
Phagocytes and TLR Receptors
13
Natural Killer Cells Animation
Phagocytes and Chemical Response
• Phagocytes can
also activate
chemical responses
like the
inflammatory
response and the
production of
antimicrobial
peptides.
Chemical Responses
17
Complement Proteins
Complement Proteins
Complement Proteins Forming Pores
20
Complement Proteins and Opsonizaton
Complement proteins
along with antibodies will
coat a bacterium.
Phagocytes recognize both
the complement proteins
and the antibody.
Phagocytes will engulf the
pathogen and destroy it.
21
Interferons
4. Histamine is released
by mast cells and basophil
cells which are attracted to
an injury site. When the
skin is penetrated, cells
are ruptured releasing
chemical signals to attract
the mast and basophil
cells. These cells release
histamine.
23
Inflammatory Response
•Increases capillary
permeability. The area
becomes swollen, red,
temperature increases from the
increased blood flow.
•Phagocytes leave the capillary
bed because they are attracted
histamine and other signals.
•Phagocytes clean up
pathogens and cell debris.
24
Homeostasis and Inflammatory Response
25
Fever
•Inflammatory response is often
accompanied by fever.
•Some cytokines stimulate the brain to
make prostaglandins. These
prostaglandins stimulate the
hypothalamus to a new temperature
set point. The signals the
hypothalamus sends out then:
•Constrict blood vessels in the skin
•Contract skeletal muscles
•Increase heart rate and respiration
26