INDIAN RAILWAYS – POWERING

THROUGH TO EXCELLENCE
Presented by:
(Group 2)
Arti Pokhriyal(R600221007)
M.Joshua Alfred(R600221014)
Sundram(R600221028)
ABOUT INDIAN RAILWAYS
 Tag Line : “Life line of the nation.”
 History of railways dates back to over 160 years. On April 16 th,
1853 first passenger train ran between Mumbai and Thane,
since then the railways are just flourishing
 Largest railways system under single management, worldwide
before 2015, owned and managed by Ministry of Railways
 With 7400 freight trains operating daily, carrying 3million ton
of freight everyday
 Fleet of 8.2 billion passengers per annum
 Rail network is divided into 16 zones
 Railways are energy efficient, low-cost, low-carbon footprint
alternative to road transport
 Rail transport is 6X more eco-friendly, per passenger mile
than road
CONTINUED…
 Rail construction less expensive and more environment
friendly compared to road.
 Railways are largest employers in the country (labor
intensive),and largest contributor in GDP, considering both
freight and passenger services.
 Freight trains contribute 65% of Indian Railways’ total revenue
 Main role of railways in supply chain is its freight
services( transporting raw materials from production to
factories, or distribution of finished products to consumption
centers or ports for export across the world)
 Being fully owned by government, it had been reluctant in
raising passenger fares till 2015
 However with increase in freight service demand IR
considered up scaling technology in locomotives.
 IR network is the fourth largest network after US, Russia and
China
OBJECTIVES OF REVAMP IN I.R
 By signing an agreement with Altsom Manufacturing India ltd.,
the Public Private Partnership(PPP) undertaking was setup.
 Through this PPP, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) was
initiated which resulted in boosting the nation’s GDP
 Before 2015 the entire Indian Railways was managed by single
entity i.e., the Ministry of Railways, but by doing so their
burden is some what reduced.
 To bring state of art locomotive technology in India
 Provide IR with predictable capital expenses and operating
cost over significant portion of assets’ life.
 To meet the emission standards which were not followed in
older technologies
 Ensure smooth operational and utilization over the life of
technology.
ABOUT WAG-9 LOCOMOTIVES
 IR procured the WAG-9 (broad gauge (W), AC Current (A),
Goods traffic (G), 9th generation (9))locomotives through a
transfer of technology (TOT) agreement with ABB
Transportation, Switzerland in July 1993
 They are based on GTO (Gate Turnoff Thyristor)
technology
 They operated in IR for 2 decades
 Output of these locomotives is 6000HP
 It was able to haul
THE NEW JOINT VENTURE
 In 2015, under “Make In India” vision, Ministry Of Railways
entered into a procurement-cum-maintenance contract with
Altsom Manufacturing India ltd. (French MNC with rail
transport)
 To set up electric locomotive factory at Madhepura, Bihar with
IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) technology.
 The JV was INR 13 billion, which would produce 1000
locomotives of 12000HP, within 13yrs
 A training school would be setup to educate railway operators
about maintenance and functioning of locomotives.
 New locomotives would be designed on Tier-4 model in which
emission standards and technology are taken care of by taking
customer satisfaction in mind.
NEW TECHNOLOGY
 Latest locomotives are tier4 , designed to reduce emission(i.e., 90%
below Tier 1 and 70% below tier 3) it uses IGBT technology which
are state of art power electronics (semi-conductors) for the traction
system of electric and diesel-electric rail vehicles.
 It reduces requirement of current , minimizing heat and traction
noise
 By installing sensors they could measure speed, temperature and
fuel air mix. The locomotives adjust their combustion based on
these factor
 While train is moving hundreds of sensors collect data on
performance of individual component, transmit data to center
where it is analyzed by software on real-time basis so that parts are
performing optimally and no accidents occur
WORKING OF ELECTRIC LOCOS.
 Electric power in the locomotives flowed from overhead wires to
transformer and was then converted to direct current and then
again to 3-phase alternating current to flow into traction motor
(installed on roof)to flow that converted electrical power to
mechanical power and finally drove the vehicles
 Below is the video demonstrating the working of electric locos.:
NEED FOR NEW TECHNOLOGY
1. PRODUCTION RATE: Production rate under TOT model was sub-optimal,
It took 2 decades to produce 1075 locos.
Adopting new technologies and ramping up production was limited
2. MEDIATION: IR served as an intermediary between tech. partners, final
manufacturers and assemblers .
This resulted in unclear transmission of information along the chain
3. OUTDATED: GTO model was fine when adopted but wasn’t able to cope up
with changing technologies, even after integrating IGBT with existing
locos.
It wasn’t giving the desired result , since transformers and traction motors
were not in sync with the IGBT converters, a complete change in design of
locos. Was needed
4. FAILURE AFTER WARRANTY: The warranty period of WAG9 was just 5yrs
after which they needed maintenance and staff was not well trained
regarding that.
The engines had to be re-equipped after 12yrs(freight locos) and
6yrs(passenger locos.)
SWOT ANALYSIS
 S(STRENGTH): largest commercial employers(1.5 million staff)
More carrying capacity of goods
Less damage to goods compared to other means
Better connectivity across country
Less emission is generated compared to road travel

 W(WEAKNESS): Passenger sector is making loss(low fares)

Accidents and delays in arrival and departure
Low facilities compared to other
Not high tech.
Less skilled staff with no or less computer knowledge
CONTINUED..
 O(OPPURTUNITIES): Its maximum revenue comes from
freight sector (more than 65%) so there is a tremendous growth
in that sector.
Operating ratio is decreasing in last 10 years
It can capture large chunk of container traffic by introducing
block container chains

 T(THREAT): Possible introduction of double road trailers

High accident rates
Increase in allowable gross weight of road vehicles
LOCOS. MANUFACTURING MODELS
3-Teir functionality based on functionality:

TIER-1 : Companies were comprised of large MNCs (Altsom, GE,

Siemens) they retain high value role of design, engineering and
system integration.
They operate in locations close to company headquarters.
TEIR-2 : These vendors were responsible for specific sub-systems
e.g., propulsion system, shell, and other sub-assemblies, control
electronics
TIER-3 : They are suppliers of spare parts and material to other
tiers.
GLOBAL VALUE CHAIN OF LOCOS.
THANK YOU!!