YA

P
ABION

DAP
AL
MA
TE Global Divides:
BANTILL The North and The South
AN
BERI
NO
CA
SE
CHA
VEZ
 YA YA • The emergence of the term Global South in its historical context
P P constitutes an interesting process, which illustrates how the term has been
ABION charged with various shades of meaning.

DAP • Some of the contributions touch on the historical genesis of the term and
AL narrate how they experienced this process.
MA
• Thomas Hylland Eriksen and Jonathan Rigg, among others, reflect on the
TE emergence of the notion, with particular regard to the historical trajectory
BANTILL
AN of defining different (poor and rich) parts of the world.
BERI • Rigg explains, for example, why he used the term Global South in the title
NO of a book. He acknowledges that the term is not perfect, yet he considers
CA it more favorable than its predecessors, “Third World” or “Developing
SE World”.
CHA
VEZ
 The urge to come up with a new term highlights not only the
YA
uncomfortable reality of previous terms, but also the political
P connotations of the Global South concept. It is not just a term; it also has
ABION
ABION
political weight – for better or for worse.
DAP
AL
Leigh Anne Duck, who reflects on the Global South as co-editor of the
journal The Global South, highlights the positive impact of the term. In
MA
comparison with “Third World” and “Developing World”, she considers
TE the term Global South to carry more weight in resisting hegemonic
BANTILL
AN forces.
BERI
Alvaro Mendez, as cofounder of the London School of Economics and
NO Political Science’s Global South Unit, equally highlights the empowering
CA aspect the term has – and the unprecedented upward trajectory of its
SE usage. In theory, indeed, it appears to be a less hierarchical – or
CHA evolutionary – term than the other two.
VEZ
  
Global South "emerged in part to aid countries in the southern
YA hemisphere to work in collaboration on political, economic, social,
P environmental, cultural, and technical issues." This is called South–
ABION
ABION South cooperation (SSC), a "political and economical term that refers to
the long-term goal of pursuing world economic .
DAP
AL
MA What is “Third World”? The modern definition of “Third World” is
TE used to classify countries that are poor or developing. Countries that are
BANTILL part of the “third world” are generally characterized by (1) high rates of
AN
poverty, (2) economic and/or political instability, and (3) high mortality
BERI rates
NO
CA
SE Developing countries of Africa, Asia, Latin America, and
CHA Australia/Oceania.
VEZ
 YA Barbara Potthast, the speaker of our research center, highlights how this
P in the case of Latin America may actually lead to a reconsidering of its
ABION relationships with other parts of the world.

DAP DAP However, Boike Rehbein states that those choosing this terminology are
AL AL mainly members of the upper classes in the Global South who profit from
MA the political and economic reality – through expanding south-south
TE relations, for example.
BANTILL
AN
Which term is used barely matters for the large majority of the
BERI inhabitants of the socalled Global South. Indeed, Felix Lamech Mogambi
NO Ming’ate illustrates that it means little to most Kenyans – who live in a
CA country considered to be part of the Global South.
SE  
CHA
VEZ
 YA
P Why can't we just say the south and the north;
ABION or just materially rich and materially poor
DAP
countries?
AL Or – again – center, semiperiphery and periphery?
MA MA  
TE TE • Global diversity is simply such that it cannot meaningfully be
BANTILL subsumed under a few, let alone two, concepts. It is true that at
AN
a very general level, the Global North is associated with stable
BERI state organization, an economy largely under (state) control
NO and – accordingly – a dominant formal sector.
CA
SE
CHA
VEZ
 YA
P
ABION
• The recipients of foreign aid, needless to say, belong to
DAP
AL the Global South. China and – again – Argentina are
MA MA hard to fit in.In brief, the Global North consists of
TE TE those 64 countries which have a high HDI (most of
BANTILL
AN which are located north of the 30th northern parallel),
BERI while the remaining 133 countries belong to the Global
NO South.
CA
SE
CHA
VEZ
 YA
P
ABION

DAP
AL
MA
TE
BANTILL
BANTILL
Asian Regionalism
AN AN
BERI
NO
CA
SE
CHA
VEZ
 YA Regionalism is a political ideology which seeks to
P
ABION increase the political power, influence and/or self-
determination of the people of one or more subnational
DAP regions.
AL
MA
TE It focuses on the "development of a political or social
BANTILL system based on one or more" regions and/or the
BANTILL
AN AN
national, normative or economic interests of a specific
BERI
region, group of regions or another subnational
NO
CA entity, gaining strength from or aiming to strengthen the
SE "consciousness of and loyalty to a distinct region with a
CHA homogeneous population",[1] similarly to nationalism.
VEZ
 YA
P
ABION Despite the rich and varied indigenous tradition of
Asianism (He, 2004), Asia lacks autonomous and strong
DAP ideational power.
AL
MA
TE This edited volume will make a positive start towards
BANTILL exploring indigenous Asian conceptions of regionalism and
AN the role that these conceptions play in moving towards a
BERIBERI more independent approach to building regionalism in
NO NO Asia.
CA
SE
CHA
VEZ
 YA
P
ABION We need to demonstrate that Asians have ‘some ability to
self-organize and to resist and/or socialize hegemonic
DAP
power, rather than simply playing to the hegemon’s tune’
AL
(Acharya, 2007: 378); and ‘Asia should be seen not merely
MA
as the testing ground for Western theory or theories derived
TE
BANTILL primarily from the West, but also as an arena out of which
AN one can develop original theoretical insights that can be
BERIBERI exported and applied at the global level or to other regions
NO NO of the world’ (Acharya, 2007: 374).
CA
SE
CHA
VEZ
 YA
P • Asian ideas of regionalism have interacted with non-
ABION
Asian ideas. Asian ideas have been the outcome of
DAP power struggles, with competing actors promoting
AL their own particular idea of regionalism while
MA attempting to undermine rival claims.
TE
BANTILL • The outcome of this competition is that some visions
AN
of the region, for example the APEC, materialize in
BERI
the form of institutions, while other grand ideas rise
NO
CA CA briefly, only to sink again.
SE SE
CHA
VEZ
 YA
P
ABION

DAP
AL • Mahathir Mohamad’s proposal of an East Asian
MA Economic Caucus, for example, was vetoed
TE down by US power, but was modified and
BANTILL
AN revived in the form of ASEAN plus Three by
BERI Kim Dae-jung’s efforts for an East Asian Vision
NO Group.
CA CA
SE SE
CHA
VEZ
 YA
P Peter Katzenstein and Takashi Shiraishi,
ABION
- the editors of Network Power, one of the most comprehensive volumes
DAP on East Asian regionalism in the 1990s, present here an impressive new
AL collection that brings the reader up to date.
MA - This book argues that East Asia's regional dynamics are no longer the
TE result of a simple extension of any one national model.
BANTILL
AN
BERI
NO
CA
SE
CHACHA
VEZVEZ
 YA
P The study of regionalism has to examine at least three dimensions
ABION
of institutions: normative, economic, and security.
DAP
AL
• Normative dimension touches on norms, rules and culture.
MA
TE
BANTILL • Economic dimension deals with demography, technology and
AN the economy.
BERI
NO • Security dimension deals with climate, weapons and strategy.
CA
SE
CHACHA
VEZVEZ