TAKORADI TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY

ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL

MANAGEMENT

TOPIC

WASTE MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUE

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 INTRODUCTION TO WASTE
MANAGEMENT
WASTE
They are unwanted, rejected or worthless materials. It
can be in any form, either in solid or liquid or gaseous.

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WASTE MANAGEMENT
Is the process of collecting, transporting,
segregating, discarding, destroying, recycling,
controlling, monitoring and regulating the
garbage and other waste products

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CLASSIFICATION OF WASTE

Physical State
Solid
Liquid
Gaseous

Bio-degradability
WASTE Bio - degradable
Non-Biodegradable

Effect on Human Health

Hazardous
Non-Hazardous
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SOURCES OF WASTE
Domestic wastes:
Household waste, food wastes, garbage (kitchen waste), rubbish (paper, polythene, plastics,
glass pieces), old toys, old clothes, old mattresses, etc.

Community wastes:
Educational institutions waste, government offices, markets, public
cleansing, bulky wastes, hospitals, construction works, etc.

Commercial wastes:
Bulky wastes from shops, offices, hotels, non-government markets, stores,
tyres, electronics, plastic bags, bottles, buckets, packaging materials, paper
fibres, discarded electric waste, etc.
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SOURCES OF WASTE

Industrial wastes:
Paper and pulp wastes, oil refineries, tanneries, distilleries, thermal power
plants, chemical industries, metal smelters, coal, ash, acids, chemicals,
textiles, plastics, nuclear wastes, unused metal sheets, metal scraps, rubber,
leather, toxic effluents, fibers (residues), heavy metals, solvents, resins,
sludge, abrasive, etc.

Agricultural wastes:
Farm waste, livestock yards, crop residues, bagasse from sugarcane, outdated
pesticides and fertilizers, manure, weedicides, fungicides, slaughter waste,
plastics and containers, organics, etc.

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SOURCES OF WASTE
Mining wastes:
Waste rock, tailings, mine water, chemicals and others, etc.

Radioactive wastes:
Nuclear explosions, nuclear testing, use of radioactive substances in medical and scientific research,
products contaminated by radionuclides including radioactive diagnostic material or radio therapeutic
materials, etc.

Construction wastes:
Demolition, excavation, renovation works, road works, site clearance, wood, glass, metal, plastic,
concrete, etc

Municipal wastes:
House hold discharge, street sweeping, sewage treatment plant waste, waste from schools and other
institutions, public toilets, etc.

Biomedical wastes:
Hospitals, clinics, laboratories, etc. Health-care wastes: Infectious waste, pathological waste, sharps
waste, chemical waste, pharmaceutical waste, cytotoxic waste, general waste, etc
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WASTE MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES

According to the deposition and type of waste, different

techniques are used for waste management. They may vary from
person to person, place to place, time to time and nation to
nation.
They are

Recycling:
Is the process of converting waste products into new products to
prevent consumption of fresh raw materials. Paper, plastic, PVC
and other homogenous products can be recycled to put them in
use in a new garb. This also rids the environment of non-
biodegradable, chemical wastes that significantly disturb the
ecological balance 8
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BENEFITS OF RECYCLING
• Reduces the amount of waste sent to landfills and incinerators
• Conserves natural resources such as timber, water and minerals
• Increases economic security by tapping a domestic source of
materials
• Prevents pollution by reducing the need to collect new raw
materials
• Saves energy
• Conserves valuable resources
• Helps create jobs in the recycling and manufacturing industries 

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Composting
Is a process by which organic wastes are broken down by microorganisms, generally bacteria and fungi, into
simpler forms thus the state of rotting or decaying The microorganisms use the carbon in the waste as an energy
source. The results in the breakdown of the organic waste materials into a much more uniform product can be used
as a soil amendment.

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Benefits of Composting
Enriches soil, helping retain moisture and suppress plant
diseases and pests.
Reduces the need for chemical fertilizers.
Encourages the production of beneficial bacteria and fungi that
break down organic matter to create humus, a rich nutrient-filled
material.
Reduces methane emissions from landfills and lowers your
carbon footprint.

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Landfilling:
It involves having the waste buried off in empty, deserted locations outside the city. dumped waste is made to
undergo compression to enhance the density and make the fill stable. It is the most traditional method of waste
disposal where waste is directly dumped into disused quarries, mining voids or borrow pits. Disposed waste is
compacted and covered with soil. It is generally used for domestic waste. This method is becoming less these days
although, thanks to the lack of space available and the strong presence of methane and other landfill gases, both of
which can cause numerous contamination problems.

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Advantages of landfill
1. Excellent energy source :carbon dioxide and methane are produced which is used for energy production
2. Keeps hazardous waste segregated.
3. Landfills are cheap way of disposing waste.

Disadvantages of landfill
4. Contaminates the soil and water.
5. Affects wildlife.
6. Affects human life.

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Waste incineration:
Incineration is a method of waste treatment involving the burning of organic materials found in waste.
Particularly it involves conversion of non-recyclable waste items into useable heat, electricity, or fuel
through a variety of processes. This type of energy is a renewable energy source as non-recyclable waste
can be used over and over again to create it. it can also help reduce carbon emissions by offsetting the
need for energy from fossil sources. Over time, this reduces global warming and makes our environment
better.

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Advantages of Waste Incineration
1. Decreases quantity of waste.
2. Efficient waste management.
3. Production of heat and power
4. Reduction of pollution.
5. Provides better control over odor.

Disadvantages of Waste Incineration

6. It is expensive
7. Pollutes the environment during burning process.
8. Ash waste can potentially harm people and the environment.

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