Health Safety &

Environment
WAQAS AHMED
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SCHEME OF PRESENTATION
» WHO AM I?
» YOUR INTRODUCTION
» COURSE OUTLINE
» GRADING POLICY
» LECTURE
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1.
WHO AM I?
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WHO AM I
» A former UET graduate; graduated in 2009
» Worked as Junior Lecturer in HITEC university.
» Joined NESCOM in 2011 as a Marine platform design Engineer
» MS from SMME NUST in 2014
» PhD from Harbin Engineering University China
» More than 11 years of teaching experience at SMME, IQRA,
BAHRIA, HITEC, UET and abroad
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2.
WHO ARE YOU?
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3.
COURSE
OUTLINE
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» Introduction of Health and Safety, Industrial Safety: introduction objectives of Safety,

Importance of Safety in an industry, Industrial accidents, Effects of accidents, Types of
accidents incidence of fire. Fire prevention and control.
» Techniques of Safety Management: Principles of accident prevention, hazard analysis.
Legal, humanitarian and economic reason for action. Safety inspection procedures. Safety
training, First aid and emergency procedures. 
» Environment and Health: Introduction: importance of clean environment, Scale of
Environmental Pollution. Environmental Act. Health and Safety Act.
» Atmospheric Pollution: Types of Atmospheric pollution, Their Causes and Effects on
Human Health, Available Technologies for Controlling Pollution.
» Industrial Waste: Solid Waste, Industrial Effluents and Waste Gases, waste treatment
plants.
» Noise Pollution: Measurement of Noise level, Effect of excessive noise on human health.
Remedial Measures.
» ISO Standards for Safety and Health and Environment
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4.
GRADING
POLICY
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GRADING POLICY
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LETS
START!
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INTRODUCTION
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Definition and Context of Health and Safety

» Health & safety in this subject refers to Occupational
Health & Safety.
» It is a multi-disciplinary field which encompasses the
social, mental and physical well-being of workers.

Definition:
» Occupational health and safety is the discipline
concerned with preserving and protecting human
resources in the workplace.
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Definition and Context of Health and Safety

» Occupational safety is a composite field related to
safety, health and welfare of people at work. It
narrates the strategy and methods in place to ensure
health and safety of employees within a workplace.
» It includes employee awareness related to the
knowledge of basic safety, workplace hazards, risks
relating to hazards, implementation of hazard
preventions, and putting into practice necessary safer
methods, techniques, process, and safety culture in
the workplace.
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Definition and Context of Health and Safety

» It also includes safety rules and regulations designed
mostly on the basis of existing government policies.
Every organization puts in place a number of safety
rules and regulations for its people. Safety training
and education for employees is imparted periodically
with a view to making them aware about and
updating them with latest safety measures.
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Definition and Context of Health and Safety

As per the definition adopted by the Joint ILO/WHO Committee on
Occupational Health (1950),
» Occupational health is the adaptation of work to man and of
each man to his job. It has the following components.
⋄ Promotion and maintenance of the highest degree of physical,
mental and social well being of workers in all occupations;
⋄ Prevention, among workers, of departures from health caused by
their working conditions;
⋄ Placing and maintenance of a worker in an occupational
environment adapted to his physiological and psychological
needs.
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What is Industrial Safety?

» “An industrial safety system is a countermeasure crucial in any
hazardous plants such as oil and gas plants and nuclear
plants. They are used to protect humans, industrial plants, and
the environment in case of the process going beyond the
allowed control margins.”
» In simple words: “The management of all operations and
procedures in an industry in order to protect its employees and
assets by minimizing hazards, risks, accidents, and near
misses” called the Industrial Safety
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Importance of Industrial Safety

» Accident avoidance:
⋄ The chances of an industrial accident are controlled
effectively with the help of employee safety, which can
be obtained by haying the required safety equipment and
informing the manpower about the various dimensions
of safety.
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Importance of Industrial Safety

» Cost prevention:
⋄ Different types of direct and indirect costs which
can result from industrial accidents in any
organization can be avoided.
⋄ The direct costs of any accidents are mainly the
total compensation amount which is paid to the
employees for any kind of disability or death; on the
other hand, indirect costs are the costs incurred in
the payment of hospitalization and treatment of the
victim employee.
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Importance of Industrial Safety

» Improved employee satisfaction and commitment:
⋄ With the help of employee safety, a working
environment having greater motivation and
satisfaction of the manpower can be created.
Broadly, having a safer working environment for
performing the operations is expected by a worker
from his or her employer. Greater job satisfaction
and higher motivation can be obtained by the
workers if these expectations are fulfilled by the
employers.
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Importance of Industrial Safety

» Legal Compliance:
⋄ By facilitating the worker’s safety, adherence to the
different laws which are made for facilitating a safe
and healthy working place to the employees can be
ensured. Different types of employee safety actions
are initiated by the organizations not only to have
improved job satisfaction, motivation of the
workers, and controlling the HR cost but also helps
in adhering to the statutory guidelines.
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Importance of Industrial Safety

» Better Industrial Relations:
⋄ Cordial and harmonious labor-management
relations can be ensured with the help of employee
safety provisions. For creating a work environment
that is healthy and free from any kind of accidents,
different types of safety methods are used by the
employers and this will manifest in the form of
good feelings in the workforce towards the firm.
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INDUSTRIAL
ACCIDENTS
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Industrial Accidents
» The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
has a concise definition for a workplace accident.
⋄ It's an ''unplanned event that results in personal injury
or property damage.''
» Herbert William Henrich, a founding father of sorts for the
workplace safety movement, defined workplace accidents
⋄ ''unplanned and uncontrolled events'' resulting in
personal injury.
» Whatever variation of the definition you prefer, workplace
accidents can be painful and costly for both employers and
employees.
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Industrial Accidents
» Some employees are more accident – prone as
compared to others. Harell points out that “accident-
proneness is the continuing tendency of a person to
have accidents as a result of his stable and
persisting characteristics”.
» In the words of Sikula, accident-proneness is a
condition in which a “human being is mentally
inclined, strongly disposed, attitudinally addicted or
personally destined to become continually involved
in an on-going and never-ending series of accidents
or injuries”.
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Industrial Accidents
» It is important to detect such accident-prone
individuals and give them safety training and
education and place them on safe jobs, where the
chances of exposure to committing accidents are
less.
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Types of Industrial Accidents

» Accidents in industry can be classified using different
criteria. Specific classifications are shown below
» According to causes of events
⋄ Machine accidents
⋄ Non machine accidents
» According to length of recovery
⋄ Lost time accidents
⋄ Home-case accidents
⋄ First aid cases
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Types of Industrial Accidents

» According to nature of injury
⋄ Fatal accidents
⋄ Permanent disablement
⋄ Temporary disablement
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Types of Industrial Accidents

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According to Causes of Events

Machine Accidents
» Machines are responsible for a large number of
accidents in an industry. Depending on the way harm is
caused, accidents from machines can be classified into
the following groups:
⋄ Contact: physical contact of the body with any
moving part of a machine;
⋄ Impact: parts of the body are violently hit by moving
parts of machines;
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According to Causes of Events

⋄ Traps: parts of the body coming between the
moving parts which mostly lead to crushing of parts
of body trapped;
⋄ Ejection of particles: parts projected at high
velocity from the machine, which causes serious
injury when they hit the parts of the moving body.
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According to Causes of Events

Non Machine Accidents
» Fall of persons which can be due to
⋄ Tripping over obstacles on ground
⋄ Slipping due to oily or greasy substances
⋄ Running inside the shop, sudden fear or excitement
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According to Causes of Events

» Fall from a height which can be due to
⋄ Lack of firm foot hold or unsafe postures
⋄ Working on a machine at a height
⋄ Leaning from ladder to reach a distant object
⋄ Strike against the objects
⋄ Pushes by other persons on the slope
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According to Length of Recovery

» First aid cases: in these, workers receive first
aid attention at plant hospital and then
returns to their job.
» Lost time accidents: lost time accidents are
those in which worker loses a day or shift in which
accident occurred. These require payment of
compensation to employee to employer.
» Home-case accidents: in this type of accidents,
worker loses the remainder of shift or turn on
which the accident has occurred.
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According to Nature of Injury

» Fatal accidents: it includes the accidents
which result in the death of the worker
» Total disablement: which incapacitate an
employee and makes it impossible for him to
engage in any work, resulting in the loss of his
earning capacity
» Partial disablement: this reduces the earning
capacity of an individual as a result of the
accident. Partial disability can be permanent or
temporary
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Major Effects of Accidents

» The losses to be suffered by different sections on account of
accidents can be explained as follows:
» Loss to Industry:
⋄ Expenditure to be made on the medical treatment of the
worker.
⋄ Wages to be paid to the worker for the period when he is
not able to join the work due to the injuries caused to him
due to the accident.
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Major Effects of Accidents

⋄ Expenses to be made for the services of machines and
tools on which the worker is working.
⋄ Expenses to be made for inspection and repairs of the
machines and the tools.
⋄ Expenses to be incurred on recruitment and training of
new worker who has been employed in place of an
injured and deceased worker.
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Major Effects of Accidents

⋄ The cost of the period during which other workers to stop
working out of fear or out of sympathy with the worker
injured by an accident.
⋄ More wages than the normal ones are to be paid on
overtime, in case the production work is held up, for
honoring the orders of customer in time.
⋄ An accident has also its effect on the other workers.
There is a likelihood of occurrence of other accidents out
of fear or nervousness.
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Major Effects of Accidents

» Loss to Workers:
⋄ An industry suffers a lot on account of accidents. It affects
adversely the worker too. In fact the worker’s loss is far more
than the loss of others. Beside the economic loss, worker
has also to suffer more badly and in case of his death, his
family has no one to help. If he is unable to work after the
accident, he becomes a burden for his family. Family losses
the source of income and also to bear increased expenses of
his treatment.
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Major Effects of Accidents

» Loss to Consumer:
⋄ The cost of industrial accident is included in the
production cost and therefore, the accidents make an
increase in the production cost. This again leads to an
increase in the prices of commodities and consumer will
not be able to buy according to his need which will also
affect the standard of living of the consumers.
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Major Effects of Accidents

» Loss to Society:
⋄ If the worker dies or is rendered disabled on account of
the accident and the worker’s family become helpless
and the society has to come to its rescue. The family of
such worker has to depend upon the aid of the donation
given by the different organizations and it is also a
burden on the society.
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Teaser for the Next Lecture

» Causes of Accidents
» Costs of Accidents
» Major Threats
» Fire Incidence
» Fire Prevention & Control
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THANKS!
Any questions?
You can find me at
» Mechengr_waqas@yahoo.com