Pre-test scores

6/27/2021 2:21:27 14 / 20

6/27/2021 2:30:17 6 / 20

6/27/2021 2:37:53 8 / 20

6/27/2021 5:52:55 7 / 20

6/28/2021 1:02:35 11 / 20

6/28/2021 9:42:42 13 / 20

Mean = 9.83
Chapter 1
Getting Started

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What is research?
• In simple terms, when you do research,
you are looking for information in order
to answer a question.
• In academic settings, research can take
many different forms depending on the sub-
ject discipline and the kind of
question you want to answer.
• Doing research involves investigating
what other scholars have said about the
topic you are interested in.
The research process
• Doing research is a complex process,
so it can be helpful to divide it into
tasks.
Exercise 2
Choose the option a, b or c which
best describes how you
should approach the
question.
Is generosity an innate human trait?
a. You should answer ‘yes, it is’ or ‘no, it isn’t’ and
give your reasons.
b. You should evaluate the arguments for and
against the notion that generosity is an
innate human trait and come to a
conclusion expressing your opinion.
c. You should write everything that you have been
able to find out about generosity in human beings.
Exercise 2
a. If you do this, you will not show
all of the skills that you need to
demonstrate. In particular you will
not show that you have good critical
thinking skills. To make your argu-
ment strong, you need to show that
you have considered other points of
view and to explain why you do not
agree with them.
Exercise 2 (Cont.)
b. This is the best approach. It
would allow you to demonstrate
all of the skills. Showing that you
have considered the question
from more than one point of
view will make your answer more
convincing to the reader.
Exercise 2 (Cont.)
c. This is not a good approach.
You may show that you can work
hard at certain skills, but you will
not be able to demonstrate the
really important critical thinking
skills: evaluating the work of
other scholars and synthesizing
the information and ideas into a
convincing argument.
Instruction words in essay questions

Sometimes essay questions contain

an instruction word or expression
which indicates the approach
you should take.
Exercise 3
1. discuss, examines
2. outlines, assess
3. trace, compare and
contrast
4. justify
Exercise 4
1. F
2. C
3. G
4. E
5. A
6. D
7. H
8. B
Exercise 5
1. Comment on – give your
informed opinion
about some-
thing
2. Illustrate – give examples and
evidence to show how
something
works or that something is
true
3. Relate – show the connections
Describing versus presenting
an argument
• Some essay questions require you
to describe, that is, to display
knowledge without
necessarily giving
your opinion about it.

• Other questions may require you to

present an argument,
that is, to give your
opinion backed by
Exercise 6
Suggested answers:
1. b. compare, c. contrast, f. give
an account, h. outline, i. trace

2. a. assess, d. discuss, e. examine,

g. justify, j. comment on,
k. illustrate, l. relate

3. discuss
Exercise 7
Suggested answers:
1 Types of films could include: action,
anime, children’s, comedy,
documentary, horror, independent,
low budget, short.
2. You could define ‘successful’ as:
winning awards, attracting a large
audience, or being highly rated by
film critics.