PROBABIL

ITY
 EVENT
PROBABILITY is any collection of outcomes, and
a simple event is an event with
is a field of mathematics that deals with chance. only one possible outcome.

TRIAL

Each repetition of an experiment

OUTCOME
EXPERIMENT
Activity in which the result cannot be predicted with is a result of an experiment.
certainty.
 Sample space
The sample space for a given experiment is a set S that
contains all possible outcomes of the experiment.
In any experiment for which the sample space is S, the
probability of an event occurring is given by the formula.
The sample space for the experiment in a throwing a die:

Sample space: {1,2,3,4,5,6} or these are the

possible outcomes when we throw a die.

Therefore, we have six (6) sample spaces.

 PROBABILITY OF AN EVENT
n (event) – number of outcomes of the event
P(even) = n (Sample Space) – number of all possible outcomes
 

EXAMPLE 1:
A coin is tossed, find:
a. The sample space
{head, tail}, therefore,
n (sample space) = 2.

b. The probability of getting a head

P(head) = =
 PROBABILITY OF AN EVENT
n (event) – number of outcomes of the event
P(even) = n (Sample Space) – number of all possible outcomes
 
EXAMPLE 2:
What would be the probability of
a. Picking a black card at random
from a standard deck of 52 cards?
P(black) = = =

b. Picking a face card (i.e. a king, queen,

or jack)?
P(face) = = =

c. Not picking a face card?

P(not face) = = =
 PROBABILITY OF AN EVENT
n (event) – number of outcomes of the event
P(even) = n (Sample Space) – number of all possible outcomes
 
EXAMPLE 3:
What is the probability of rolling, on a fair dice:
a. A number 3.
P(3) = =
b. An even number?
P(even number) = = =
c. Zero?
P(zero) = = = 0
d. A number greater than 4?
P(greater than 4) = = =
e. A number lying between 0 and 7?
P(between 0 and 7) = = = 1
 LET’S TRY
1. Each of the letters of the word “SUCCESS” is written on a card and all the cards are
placed into a bag. A card is randomly selected from the bag. Find the probability that the
card bears:
a the letter ‘S’
b. A vowel
c. A consonant

2. A bag contains 7 white balls, 3 red balls and 2 black balls. A ball is picked from the bag
at random. Find the probability of:
a) picking a red ball.
b) picking a black ball.
c) picking either a white or black ball.