Obstacles To National Integration

Communalism

Casteism

Regionalism(Geographical)

Terrorism
a. Internal
b. External

Linguism
 Communalism
• Partition of India-Pak
• Anti-Sikh riots of 1984
• Ayodhya riots of 1992
• Godhra riots of 2002
• Muzaffarnagar riots of 2013
 Steps to combat communal
violence
• Political parties should have the will and the desire to stop communal violence and riots

• Strict punishments should be meted out to police person found guilty of neglecting their
duties or encouraging communal violence

• The role of communication media is undoubtedly an important one for combating or

spreading communal violence

• The journalist reporting the incident should be impartial

• Practical training in citizenship should take place in schools and universities, based on the
high ideals of nationalism, secularism and democracy

• There has to be a movement to make people more humane on spiritual and moral values
which are common to all religions
 Factors contributing to communal
conflict
• Religion - Cultural prejudice
• Communal politics
• Economic factors
• Emotional issues
• Wrong interpretation of History
• Feeling of insecurity
• Intolerance and stereo type images
 Factors contributing to Casteism
• Endogamy - Taboo of inter-caste marriage
• Traditional occupation/Skilled occupation
• Segmental division of society
• Hierarchy
• Lack of unrestricted choice of occupation
• Differential – Civil and Religious privileges and
disabilities
Inequalities Caused by Caste System

Damage Done By British Rule to Caste System

Unequal Social Status

Inequality Within Caste

Literacy and Primary Education

Health Indicators

Poverty and availability of work

Access to drinking water and housing

 Inter-group conflict caused due to caste
division
• Dominance of one caste over others

2019: Suicide of Dr Payal Tadvi

On May 22 2019, Dr Payal Tadvi, a 26-year-old Muslim Schedule Tribe gynaecologist,
died by committing suicide in the hostel of the government run Nair Hospital in
Mumbai. For months leading up to her death, she had told her family that she was
subjected to ragging by three “upper” caste women doctors, however, the accused
denied of having any knowledge of Dr Payal's tribal background [. They allegedly went to
the toilet and then wiped their feet on her bed, called her casteist slurs, made fun of
her for being a tribal on Whats App groups and threatened to not allow her to enter
operation theatres or perform deliveries. A few hours before she took her life, she had
reportedly told her mother, once again, about this harassment.

• Barriers in mobility and achieving political power

• Competition for economic opportunities and acquiring symbols of high status
 Regionalism
• Demand for secession from Indian Union
DMK in Tamil Nadu, Nagas/Mizos in NE India and the Akali Dal in Punjab
• Demand for a separate statehood
Vidarbh in Maharashtra
Rayal Seema in Andhra Pradesh
• Inter – state boundaries
Maharashtra and Karnatka on Belgaum
Karnataka and Kerala on Kasargod
Assam and Arunachal Pradesh on Pasigath

• Inter – state water disputes : Cauvery river dispute between Karnataka, Kerala and
Tamil Nadu.
• Krishna river- dispute between Karnataka, Maharashtra and A.P.
• Narmada river- dispute between M.P, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra.
 Linguistic Conflict
• Anti Hindi agitation in South India and
W.Bengal.
• Struggle for protecting Marathi and
Maharashtrian interest.
• In Belgaum(Belgavi) fight between Marathi
and Kannada speaking people.
Effects of Regionalism and Linguistic Conflict

• Rise of regional parties: Akali Dal (Punjab), Shiv Sena

(Maharashtra), Telugu Desam (AP and Telangana)
• Rise of regional leaders : Mamta Banerjee(W.Bengal),
Raj Thackeray (Maharashtra), H.D Kumaraswamy
(Karnataka), Akhilesh Yadav (U.P)
• Demand for Autonomy : J & K
• Campaign against outsiders
• Coalition politics in the state and at the center(the Shiv-
Sena, NCP and congress in 2019 forged an alliance to
form the government )
 Terrorism
• External
Pulwama Attack 2019
Uri Attack 2016
Taj Attack 2008
Rajeev Gandhi Assassination 1991

• Internal
Gadchiroli Maoist Attack May 2019
Dantewada Naxal Attack April 2010