To the Precalculus Learners

The Precalculus course bridges basic mathematics and calculus.

This course completes your foundational knowledge on algebra,
geometry, and trigonometry. It provides you with conceptual
understanding and computational skills that are prerequisites for
Basic Calculus and future STEM courses.
Session 4: Pre-Calculus
CONIC SECTIONS:
CIRCLES
 Session Objectives
For this 1-hour period, SHS students in Pre-Calculus are expected
to develop the following learning competencies:
1. illustrate the different types 3. determine the standard
of conic sections: parabola, form and general form of
ellipse, circle, hyperbola, the equation of a circle.
and degenerate cases;
2. define a circle;
Conic Sections
Intersections of cones and planes
 What are CONIC
SECTIONS?
If a plane intersects a double right circular cones, the intersection is
a two-dimensional curve of different types. These curves are called
conic sections.

Also called conics, these different types are:

PARABOLA
CIRCLE ELLIPSE HYPERBOLA
CIRCLE ELLIPSE

Circle - when the plane is

horizontal

Ellipse - when the (tilted) plane

intersects only one cone to form a
bounded curve
Parabola - when the plane PARABOLA
intersects only one cone to form HYPERBOLA
an unbounded curve

Hyperbola - when the plane (not

necessarily vertical) intersects
both cones to form two
unbounded curves (each called a
branch of the hyperbola)
DEGENERATE CASES
If the plane intersects the double right circular
cones, passing through the vertex,
degenerate cones are formed.
 DEGENERATE CASES

When perpendicular to the base,

such as that of a circle, a point is
formed.
 DEGENERATE CASES

When the plane is tilted, such as

the case of a parabola, a line is
the intersection.
 DEGENERATE CASES

A hyperbola becomes two

intersecting lines.
DEGENERATE CASES
 center
CIRCLES
A circle is the set of all
points equidistant to a fixed
point.
radius
 EQUATION OF A CIRLE
Consider a circle
( 4,6 )
plotted on the
Cartesian ( 2,3 )
Coordinate plane.
Determine the
coordinates of the
center and its
radius.
 EQUATION OF A CIRLE
𝑃 (𝑥, 𝑦)
Assume that we
do not know the
actual coordinates 𝐶 (h , 𝑘)
of the center.
 EQUATION OF A CIRLE
𝑃 (𝑥, 𝑦)

What if the center

is at the point of 𝐶 (0,0 )
origin?
 STANDARD FORM
of the equation of a circle
The standard form of the equation of a circle whose
center is at the origin with radius, r, is

For any circle whose center have coordinates (h, k)

with radius, r, the standard form of its equation is
 STANDARD FORM
of the equation of a circle
Give the standard form of the equation of the circle
described in each item below.

1. Center at the origin,

2. and containing
Give the standard form of the equation of the circle
described in each item below.
3. and containing
 EQUATION OF A CIRLE
Solve for the equation of the following
circles:
◉ circle A
◉ circle B
 EQUATION OF A CIRLE
Solve for the equation of the following
circles:
◉ center (5,−6), tangent to the y-axis
◉ center (5,−6), tangent to the x-axis
◉ has a diameter with endpoints
A(−1, 4) and B(4, 2)
Solve for the equation of the following circles:
◉ center (5,−6), tangent to the y-axis
Solve for the equation of the following circles:
◉ center (5,−6), tangent to the x-axis
Solve for the equation of the following circles:
◉ has a diameter with endpoints
A(−1, 4) and B(4, 2)
GENERAL FORM
of the equation of a circle

The general form of the equation of a circle is

where
 GENERAL FORM
of the equation of a circle
Transform the following equations into the general form:
Transform the following equations into the general form:
Transform the following equations into the general form:
Transform the following equations into the general form:
 Transforming equations
Transform the following equations into the standard
form and determine its center and radius :
Transforming equations

Group the terms based on the

variables.
Complete the square to make
each group of terms a perfect
square trinomial (PST). Add the
constants of the PSTs to the
right side.
Express the PSTs as squares of
Transform the following equations into the standard
form and determine its center and radius.
Transform the following equations into the standard
form and determine its center and radius :
Transform the following equations into the standard
form and determine its center and radius :