Theories and

concepts of
Communication

Reporter :
Beverly V. Devera
 What is communication?
 What are the concepts of communication?
 What are the theories of communication?
a. Politeness Theories
b. Hyme’s Speaking Grid
 What is the Communication Process?
 “Stop Communication
and Life just withers Away”
 Concept of
Communication
 Communication (from Latin communicare, meaning "to
share") is the act of conveying meanings from one entity
 or group to another through the use of mutually
understood signs, and symbols.
 Communication is the exchange of information or
passing of information, ideas or thought from one person
to the other or from one end to the other.
 The process or act of using words, sounds, signs,
or behaviour to express or exchange information
or to express your ideas, thoughts feelings, etc., to
someone else.
– ( Merriam Webster Dictionary)
 The act of sending and receiving
information and can be one-on-one or
between groups of people, and can be face
to face or through communication devices.

- Amy C. Evans, study.com/academylessons

 6 Interesting Communication Facts 
1.Communication Is Related To Every Human Activity.
2.Communication Involves Two or More Parties.
3.Communication May Be One-Way or Two-Way
Process.
4.The success of Communication Depends On Proper
Understanding of the Parties Involved.
5.Communication in Organization Flows in Various
Patterns.
6.Communication Is Media or Channel Based
Theories of Communication

A.POLITENESS THEORY
B.HYMES’ SPEAKING GRID
 Politeness Theory

Politeness theory, proposed by

Penelope Brown and Stephen C.
Levinson, centers on the notion
of politeness, construed as
efforts on redressing the affronts
to a person's self-esteems of
effectively claiming positive social
values in social interactions.
 Penelope Brown and Stephen Levinson's Politeness
Theory

A theory that appeared within the

framework of pragmatic approach in linguistics.
According to this theory the interlocutors use
particular strategies in order to achieve
successful communication. These strategies
enable to create maximally comfortable
environment for communication.
 Politeness Theory
Positive face reflects an individual's need for his or her
wishes and desires to be appreciated in a social context.
This is the maintenance of a positive and consistent self-
image.
ex. Compliments
Negative face reflects an individual's need for freedom of
action, freedom from imposition, and the right to make
one's own decisions.
ex. Conventionally indirect
assume/presume
Coercing the hearer
Apologizing
HYMES’ SPEAKING GRID
Hymes creates a framework which is
intended to be used to look at any
naturally occurring speech to discover the
rules for speaking ( modes of speaking,
topics, message forms within particular
settings and activities.
 Dell Hathaway Hymes

Dell Hathaway Hymes was a

linguist, sociolinguist,
anthropologist, and folklorist
who established disciplinary
foundations for the comparative,
ethnographic study of language
use. His research focused upon
the languages of the Pacific
Northwest.
HYMES’ SPEAKING GRIDS
S Setting refers to the time and place while Scene refers to the abstract psychological
setting or the cultural definition of the occasion

P Participants refers to the actors in the scene and their role relationships.

E Ends refer to the conventionally recognized and expected outcomes.

A Act sequence refers to the actual form and content of what is said.

K Key refers to the tone, manner, or spirit in which a particular message is conveyed.

I Instrumentalities refers to the choice of particular channel

N Norms of interaction and interpretation

G Genre refers to the clearly demarcated types of utterance.

 THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS

The term communication process refers to the

exchange of information (a message) between two or
more people. For communication to succeed, both
parties must be able to exchange information and
understand each other. If the flow of information is
blocked for some reason or the parties cannot make
themselves understood, then communication fails
Thank You
!
 Elements of Communication
Changes as the results of Communication
 Elements of the
Communication Process
 The Sender
The communication process begins with the sender, who is
also called the communicator or source. The sender has some
kind of information—a command, request, question, or idea
—that he or she wants to present to others. For that message
to be received, the sender must first encode the message in a
form that can be understood, such as by the use of a common
language or industry jargon, and then transmit it.
 The Receiver
The person to whom a message is directed is called
the receiver or the interpreter. To comprehend the
information from the sender, the receiver must first
be able to receive the sender's information and then
decode or interpret it. 
 The Message
The message or content is the information that the
sender wants to relay to the receiver. Additional
subtext can be conveyed through body language and
tone of voice. Put all three elements together—
sender, receiver, and message—and you have the
communication process at its most basic.
 The Medium
Also called the channel, the medium is the
means by which a message is transmitted. Text
messages, for example, are transmitted through
the medium of cell phones.  
 Feedback
The communication process reaches its final point
when the message has been successfully transmitted,
received, and understood. The receiver, in turn,
responds to the sender, indicating comprehension. 
Feedback may be direct, such as a written or verbal
response, or it may take the form of an act or deed in
response (indirect).
 Changes as the Results of
Communication
Communication may contribute to organizational chage/success in many ways. It:
 Builds employee morale, satisfaction and engagement.
 Helps employees understand terms and conditions of their employment and drives their
commitment and loyalty.
 Educates employees on the merits of remaining union-free (if that is the organization's
goal).
 Gives employees a voice—an increasingly meaningful component of improving
employees' satisfaction with their employer.
 Helps to lessen the chances for misunderstandings and potentially reduces grievances and
lawsuits.
 Improves processes and procedures and ultimately creates greater efficiencies and reduces
costs.
Thank You !