INTRODUCTION OF RESEARCH

Dr.C.M.Sudha Arogya Mary & Dr.BabitaPrem

Assistant Professor
Department of Business Administration
Mar Gregorios College of Arts & Science,
Chennai
 RESEARCH
? RESEARCH= RE + SEARCH
? “RE” MEANS AGAIN AND AGAIN
? “SEARCH” MEANS TO FIND OUT SOMETHING
? It include collecting, organizing and evaluating data
 RESEARCH CONT_ _ _
? Research is the process of finding solutions to a
problem after a thorough study and analysis of the
situational factors.
? Research provides the needed information that guides
managers to make decisions successfully when dealing
with problems.
? The information provided could be the result of a
careful analysis of data gathered.
CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH
?  Reliability
?  Validity
?  Accuracy
?  Credibility
?  Generalizability
?  Empirical
?  Systematic
?  Controlled
DIFFERENT TYPES OF RESEARCH
There are different types of research based on different
aspects such as:
a) Purpose
b) Process
c) Outcome
DIFFERENT TYPES OF RESEARCH_ _
? Different types of research coming under the category
purpose are:
a) Descriptive research
b) Analytical research
c) Exploratory research
d) Predictive research
DIFFERENT TYPES OF RESEARCH_ _
a) Descriptive analysis:
? It includes fact-finding enquires of different kinds such as
what ,when, who, how and all.
? The main aim of this research is description of the
characteristics of a phenomena at present.
? The research has no control over the variable, only how to
report what is happening or what has happened.
? For description researcher use frequencies, average &
other statistical calculations.
? The methods used by the researchers involves survey
method.
? The period table categorizes the elements is an example of
descriptive research .
DIFFERENT TYPES OF RESEARCH_ _
b) Analytical research:
? This research is mainly carriedout as analysis on a phenomena
& which involves secondary data.
? The aim of this research is to understand phenomena by
discovering & measuring causal relations among them.
? Here the researcher use facts and informations readily
available to them in order to analyze to make a critical
evaluation of the context.
? It works within the constraint variables. It also tries to explain
existing state of affairs from available data.
? How can the absentee rate among employees be reduced? It is
an example of analytical research.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF RESEARCH_ _
c)Exploratory Research
-This research is conducted about a research problem where
there are few or no earlier studies to refer to.
-The focus is on gaining insights & familiarity for later
investigation or under when problem are in a preliminary
stage of investigation.
-Gathers preliminary information that will help to define a
problem & suggest a hypothesis.
-It commonly use unstructured interview.
-It involves generation of new ideas & assumption ,development
of hypothesis but conclusions cannot be drawn even though it
provides direction for future research & techniques.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF RESEARCH_ _
d)Predictive research
-It determines the frequency with which something occurs or
its association with something else.
-The researcher must be able to define clearly ,what he wants
to measure & must find adequate method for measuring
along with clear cut definition of population he wants to
study.
-Statistical tools used in this research includes regression,
linear regression & logistic regression.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF RESEARCH_ _
? Different types of research coming under the category
process are:
1) Qualitative research
2) Quantitative research
DIFFERENT TYPES OF RESEARCH_ _
1) Qualitative research
? It is handled with qualitative phenomena that involves
quality or kind.
? The research designed to find out how people feel or what
people often think are coming under this research.
? It is important in behavioral science.
? Its aim is to discover the underlying motives of human
behavior through detailed description.
? The data is in the form of words, pictures or objects and all.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF RESEARCH_ _
2)Quantitative research
-This research is based on the measurement of quantity
or amount.
-It can be expressed in terms of quantity
-Researcher use tools such as questionnaire or equipment
to collect data and all aspect of the study are carefully
designated before data is collected.
-Here data is in the form of numbers or statistics and this
data is more efficient and able to test.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF RESEARCH_ _
? Different types of research coming under the category
outcome are:
i) Applied or Action research
ii) Fundamental or Basic or Pure research
DIFFERENT TYPES OF RESEARCH_ _
i)Applied research
It focuses on analyzing and solving real-life problems.
This type refers to the study that helps solve practical
problems using scientific methods. Studies play an
important role in solving issues that impact the overall
well-being of humans. For example: finding a specific
cure for a disease.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF RESEARCH_ _
? ii)Basic research

A basic research definition is data collected to enhance

knowledge. The main motivation is knowledge
expansion. It is a non-commercial research that doesn’t
facilitate in creating or inventing anything. For
example: an experiment to determine a simple fact.
 RESEARCH PROBLEM
? There are generally three ways you are asked to write about a
research problem:
1) your professor provides you with a general topic from which you
study a particular aspect;
2) your professor provides you with a list of possible topics to study,
3) your professor leaves it up to you to choose a topic and you only
have to obtain permission to write about it before beginning your
investigation.
 RESEARCH PROBLEM___
? A research problem is a definite or clear expression
[statement] about an area of concern, a condition to be
improved upon, a difficulty to be eliminated, or a troubling
question that exists in scholarly literature, in theory, or within
existing practice that points to a need for meaningful
understanding and deliberate investigation.
? A research problem does not state how to do something, offer
a vague or broad proposition, or present a value question. 
? A research problem is a specific issue, difficulty,
contradiction, or gap in knowledge that you will aim to
address in your research.
PURPOSE OF A PROBLEM STATEMENT
? Introduce the reader to the importance of the topic being
studied. The reader is oriented to the significance of the study.
? Anchors the research questions, hypotheses, or
assumptions to follow. It offers a concise statement about the
purpose of your paper.
? Place the topic into a particular context that defines the
parameters of what is to be investigated.
? Provide the framework for reporting the results and
indicates what is probably necessary to conduct the study and
explain how the findings will present this information.
 LITERATURE REVIEW
? After the selection of research problem, the second step
is that of literature mostly connected with the topics.
? The availability of the literature may bring ease in the
research.
? For this purpose academic journals, conference and
govt. reports and library must be studied.
IMPORTANCE OF LITERATURE REVIEW

? Bring clarity and focus to your research problem

? Broaden your knowledge base in research area
? Improve your methodology
? To provide you new, out of the box, innovative ideas
? To understand the research design, results and limitations of the kind
of research you are conducting.
? To find information for Questionnaire designing
SOURCES OF LITERATURE REVIEW
? Books
? Chapters in Edited Books
? Translated Books
? E-Books
? Magazines
? Printed Journals
? E-Journals and Journals Database
? Newspaper Articles
? E-Newspaper Articles
? Websites
? E-Mail Correspondence and Discussions
? Podcasts or TV Programmes
? Blogs
? You Tube Videos
? Unpublished Work
? Informal or In House Publications
? Personal Communications
 STYLES OF WRITING LITERATURE
REVIEW
? Format for Citing References

Referencing Electronic Sources

Author, A. (year, month day). Title of article. Title of
Newspaper. Retrieved from home page web address
Nader, C. (2009, June 19). Mental health issues soar
among children. The Age. Retrieved from
http://www.theage.com.au
Journal Article
Author, A., & Author, B. (year). Title of article. Title of
Journal, volume number (issue number), page
numbers.
Barry, H. (1996). Cross-cultural research with matched pairs of
societies. Journal of Social Psychology, 79 (1), 25-33.
Jeanquart, S., & Peluchette, J. (1997). Diversity in the workforce
and management models, Journal of Social Work Studies, 43,
72-85.
? Book by more than one author
? Author, A., & Author, B. (year). Title of book (edition if
not first). City: Publisher.
Cornett, M., Wiley, B.J., & Sankar, S. (1998). The
pleasures of nurturing (2nd ed). London: McMunster
Publishing.
Book by a single author

Author, A., & Author, B. (year). Title of book (edition if

not first). City: Publisher.
? Leshin, C.B. (1997). Management on the World Wide
Web. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
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