Today's Topic Today's Trivia

A variable is any factor, trait, or

Variables condition that can exist in differing

amounts or types.

of
Presented by,
Teaching Aileena Meraj
B.Ed. II
Today's Agenda
• What's Teaching?
• Definitions of Teaching
• What are variables?
• The Variables of teaching
• Functions of Variables
• Conclusion
 WHAT IS TEACHING?
Teaching in the context
of education, is a social event in
which human beings come to share
meaning. It is a large part, of the
process of changing, the meaning
of human experience.
DON'T FORGET!
• Teaching is a system of action
• It is a goal-directed activity.
• Teaching takes place in a situation
comprising of both the controllable &
uncontrollable set of factors.

Teaching is
central to
education
DEFINITIONS OF TEACHING

“Teaching is an intimate contact between the

more mature personality and a less mature one
which is designed to further the education of
the latter.”

- H .C .Morrison
 "Teaching is a system of
actions intended to induce
learning”
- B . O. Smith
 What are variables?
A variable simply refers to a person, place, thing, or phenomenon
that we are trying to measure in some way.

Independent variable : The variable that is stable , stands alone and is

unaffected by other variables is called independent variable. It causes some
kind of change in the other variables.
Dependent variable : The variable that depends on other factors is
called dependent variable.
Intervening variable : The variable used to explain the cause or connection
between other variables, is called intervening variable.
Example: Poverty ---> Lack of healthcare ---->Shorter longevity
 Variables of teaching
Teaching
Variables

Dependent Intervening
Independent
variable variable variable
 Independent Variable
• The teacher plays the role of an independent
variable in the teaching process.

• Students are dependent on her/him in the teaching

process.

• They do the planning , organizing, leading and

controlling of teaching process.

• The teacher is free to perform activities for

providing the learning experiences to the students.
 Dependent Variables
• The student is the dependent variable in the
process of teaching, because the student has to
act in accordance with the planning and
organization of the teacher.

• Teaching activities of the teacher influence the

learning and performance of the students.
• They differ amongst each other like in terms of
ability, interest, discipline level, entry behaviour,
terminal behaviour, etc.
 Intervening Variables

• The intervening variables are hypothetical

internal states that are used to explain
relationships between observable variables, such
as independent and dependent variables.

• They lead to interaction between the teachers

and the students.
• The contents of teaching, methods and
techniques of teaching, tactics and
strategies of teaching, management of
instructional material and teaching
environment, etc. are known as
intervening variables.

• Examples: Curriculum, learning,

memory, motivation, traits, intelligence,
intention, etc.
Functions of teaching variables
Prescriptive
Diagnostic function
function

Evaluative function
 Diagnostic function
The main aim is to bring desirable changes in the behaviour of the
students. the initial task is to have a proper diagnosis of the existing
situation.

Diagnostic functions performed by a teacher are :

1. Diagnosing the entering behaviour of the students.
2. Formulating specific educational objectives.
3. Analysing the content, instructional material and environmental facilities
available
4. Diagnosing his own capabilities and potentialities.
 Diagnostic functions performed by a student are :
• Diagnosis of their own strength and weaknesses.
• Assessing their ability to think, language, comprehensions,
skills, emotional behaviour, etc
• They make effort to understand the behaviour of teacher,
nature of content,teaching strategies, etc.
 Prescriptive function
On the basis of diagnosis, the teacher takes decision about the needed
prescription for achieving the objective.
The teacher is more active here, they have to work for the meaningful
interaction. The prescription is made bringing desirable change in student. Sincere
co-operation of students is also essential here.

Accordingly they have to perform the functions like :

• Selecting the appropriate content and organising them into proper sequence.
• Selection of proper teaching techniques, strategies, feedback devices in view of
the individual differences.
• Seeking desired co-operation from students for purposeful interaction.
 Evaluation function
It is concerned with the tasks of evaluating the progress of outcomes of
prescriptive function. The failure in realizing the objective is essentially a
failure in prescriptive function.

The evaluation function by teacher has two main activities:

• Construction of criterion test.
• Evaluation of change of behaviour.
 Characteristic of the student in evaluation function :
• The student is more active.
• They have been taught and helped by teacher in bringing improvement in their entry
behaviour.
• Now, it's their turn to see how far the prescription provided or done by teacher is
helpful to them.
• They check the correctness of their response.
• They must give their full co-operation to the teacher (just like a patient consulting a
doctor) for further diagnosis and to get maximum advantage for bringing desirable
improvement.
 CONCLUSI 11

According to ON
Gagne,
" The essential task of the teacher is
to arrange the conditions of the
learner's environment so that the
processes of learning will be
ativated, supported, enhanced and
maintained."
Questions? Clarifications?