Becoming a member of

the society
Understanding Culture, society and
Politics
Becoming a member of
the society
Man needs other human being to survive!
Enculturation and
S•oEcnicaulltiuzraattiioonnin its
is a processsense
broader which all
individuals undergo throughout
his whole life; it is both a
conscious and unconscious
procedure starting from birth up
Enculturation and
S•oEcnicaulltiuzraattiioonnhappens
through family, peers
and other individuals
that socializes with
the person throughout
the person’s lifetime.
 A person would be able to learn
and understand social norms,
values,languages, behavior and
other important things about the
person’s culture. Because of
enculturation, a person would
become conscious or informed
of his rights, obligations and
Socializatio
n
• It is a continuing process whereby
an individual acquires a
personal identity and learns
norms, values, behaviour, and
social skills appropriate to his or
her social position.
Two Points of
View
• Objective socialization- refers
to the society acting upon a
child.
• Subjective socialization- the
process by which society
transmits its culture from
one generation to the next and
adapts the individual to the
accepted and approved ways of
Functions of
Socialization
• Personality Development
• Skills Development and
Training
• Values Formation
• Social Integration and
Adjustment
• Social Control and
Stability
Agents of
Socialization
• Mass -Peer
Media Group
• Famil -School
y
✔• TChheuracghents o-
fWsocrkiaplliazcaetion guide every
individual in understanding what
is happening in our society.
Social
Formed in order to control the behaviour
Norms
of individual in the society.
• Folkways- customary patterns that specify
what is socially correct and proper in
everyday life.
• Mores- they define what is morally right
and wrong. Folkways with ethical
and moral significance
• Laws- Norms that are enforced formally
by a special political organization.
Norms and
• N
V playo r
a l ua e m s and
s role in
major
values
the society as they
both create an
excellent model of
behavior. (Chong,
Norms and
V• Vaau
l lueessare set as to what
the society want to
That is why society have
become.
different norms, rules, or laws
that embody the values
which aim to make people
conform and exhibit
Norms and

usually
V•Vaaul u
l ees
abstract
s are
and
intangible
 Norms and
ValuesIn a nutshell,
norms are
geOnnecea
r thlleysedneorrimvsedarerfno
omtfollowed, n o n - c on f ormity or
 Status and
R o e
l s
Each in d iv id ual in
society has its own status
the
and roles.
– What’s your status?
 Statu
•Statu s is
s position
as the
in the
defined social
stratification.
Social
stratification is
the hierarchy
 Role
•Roles on
other shand is
what
the the
individual is
expected to
do, given his
 Status and

In additRioonl,einsdividuals are not

limited to just one role. Everyone
has the capacity to play various
 Status
Status is
divide into
1.twAoc:hiev
e
 Achieved
•AchievSetdatsutsatus is
obtained through one’s
own achievement or
 Ascribed
•AscribeSdtasttuatsus is obtained
not through achievements but
rather through birth. Ascribed
is something that an individual
is born into.
S • Social stratification describes the way
people are placed or "stratified" in society.
t
It is associated with the ability of
individuals to live up to some set of
a ideals or principles regarded as
important by the society or some social
t
group within it. The members of a social
Some of the more common bases for
such raking include groups:
• Wealth/Income (most common):
Ties between persons with the
same personal income
• Gender: Ties between persons of the
same sex and sexuality
• Political status: Ties between
persons of the same
• Religion: Ties between persons
of the same religion
• Race/Ethnicity: Ties between
persons of the same
ethnic/racial group
• Social class: Ties between
persons born into the same
economic group
• Coolness: Ties between
 In a nutshell, since
arenorms
generally derived from
Svatalutuess.and roles also plays
on
norms and values.
Once these are not followed, non-conformity or
 Social
•Social coCnotrnotlrioslthe
process of creating and
maintaining stability; in
 Social
• The idea of re w ar d s a nd
C o n t ro l
punishments are usedin social control.
Rewards are given
to individuals who exemplified the
values and follow norms, usually those
 Deviance and
•
ConfCormonityfo–rmity
behavior which
involve change in
order to fit in.
• Deviance –
behavior
 The Structural Strain
•RobTehertorKy. Merton
developed the
structural strain theory as an
extension of the
• He argued that society may be set up in a way
that encourages too much deviance.
• He believed that when societal norms, or socially
accepted goals place pressure on the individual to
conform they force the individual to either work
within the structure society has produced, or
instead, become members of a deviant
subculture in an attempt to achieve those goals.
Merton termed this theory Strain Theory
Deviant is a result of strain (pressure)
bew
t •Teehne:goals
that a culture
encourages individuals to
achieve. (goals)
•What the institutional structure
of society allows them to
 The Structural Strain
•When in d i v idual's are faced
Th e o r y
with a gap between 'what
ought to be' and 'what is', that
person will feel strained and
 Conformist
•
Tshey are those people who believe in
normative means for attaining goals
legitimately. They follow the rules of
society
• These are groups of people who follow the
 Conformists
•AE
( nxeaxmamppel el )would be a
successful investor or
businessman who is
economically successful
because of their
employment or hard work.
 Ritualist
•
Rsitualists are individuals who stop trying to achieve
goals but believe in using legitimate means
for
attaining goals. (follow rules)
• Ritualist is a form of deviance, by rejecting the
goals of the society, individuals deviate
Ritualist
(Example)
•For
example,
 Innovator
• T hey are the opposite of the ritualists.
s
Innovators are the people that accept
the
society’s goal, however, they reject on how
to get to the society’s goal.
 Innovators
• A n e x am pl e i sa stockbroker who
( E x a m p le )
engages in illegal insider trading. The
cultural goal of
wealth is accepted, but nontraditional
means of insider trading are used.
 Retreati
• T h ey simply avoid both the goals
means
s t established by society without
replacing
and those norms with their own
counter-cultural forces.
• These people retreat to a kind of lifestyle
that they want to live in, not what the
Retreatist
( •MxgaamLa
E
p•yElope
laes)
•Severe
alcoholics,
some homeless
 Rebel
•
T hese people are those who are not
s current system, but instead they are
with
satisfied
the ones who want to create
new goal and means for the society,
which makes them deviant.
• They substitute new goals and new means
Rebels
(Example)

• American Nazi • The Ku Klux Klan

End of discussion
 Essay (5
•In 2-p3osni entste)nces only,
what particular learning
could you draw from our
discussion regarding the
interplay betweennorms
and values; & status and
1 Quiz
st
 True or
1. MeFratolsneargued
that society
may be set up
in a waythat
 True or False
2. Merton used the
term “deviance” to
highlight the
“pressure” that the
 True or False
3. Deviance is a
result of strain
between
institutional goals
and means of the
 True or
4. F a s
l e
So c i a l
control is the
power of an
individual over
 True or
5. SoFcailasleclass
is characterized
by ties between
persons born
 Identification
1. These are those
person who follow
the means and
accept the goals of
the society.
 Identificatio
2. Thense are those
person who decline
the means of the
society but still accept
its goal in
 Identificatio
3. Thense are those
person who decline
the means of the
society and continue to
reject the
goals of the society
resulting for a new
 Identificatio
4. Thense are those
members of the society
who imposes their own
standard of living
regardless whether they
follow or not any
measures of the society.
 Identificatio
5. Thense are those
members of the society
who continue to follow
the order of the
society