CHAPTER 10

Listening to
Out-Group
Members
 GROUP MEMBERS
1. Đặng Ngọc Trăm - 1922202010938
2. Nguyễn Hải Yến - 1922202010374
3. Lê Thị Diễm Ngọc - 1922202010037
4. Trần Nguyễn Linh Chi - 1922202010531
5. Võ Thị Anh Đào - 1922202010400
6. Nguyễn Thị Ngọc Huyền - 1922202010461
7. Lương Thị Tú Uyên - 1922202010139
INTRODUCTION
What is an out - group ?

Đặng Ngọc Trăm

 Out-Group Members Explained

• “Out-Group” refers to those individuals in a group who do

not feel a part of the larger group.

• They are individuals who are disconnected and not fully

engaged in working toward the goals of the group.

• They may be in opposition or simply disinterested.

• They may feel powerless, unaccepted, alienated, or even

discriminated against.
Đặng Ngọc Trăm
 Out-Group Members Explained
* Out-groups come in many forms:

• Minorities who think their voice won’t be heard

• People who feel their ideas are unappreciated

• People who do not identify with the leader or other group members

• “Social loafers”—group members who are inclined to goof off or work below

their capacity
Đặng Ngọc Trăm
 How Out-Groups Form
Elements that out-groups form:

- Some out-groups form because people disagree with the social, political, or

ethical position of the majority—they sense that they are in opposition to the

larger group.

- Out-groups form is explained by social identity theory.

- Out-groups form is because people sense that they are being excluded by the

larger group.

- Out-group development is that some people lack communication skills or social

skills that are needed to relate to a larger group. Nguyễn Hải Yến
WHAT IS THE IMPACT OF
OUT-GROUPS?
 The Impact of Out-Group Members

I. Out-groups have adverse effects on others:

a. Run counter to building community

- Community brings people together and provides a place to

express similar ideas, values, and opinions.

- Out-group members detract from using all of the resources

of the community to reach the groups goals.

Ex: Class project on Hurricane Katrina relief.

Lê Thị Diễm Ngọc

 The Impact of Out-Group Members

I. Out-groups have adverse effects on others:

b. Have a negative impact on group synergy

- Out-groups take energy away from the group rather than adding energy to the group.

c. Out-group members do not receive the respect they deserve from the majority

- Central tenet of ethical leadership: treat others with respect.

Lê Thị Diễm Ngọc

Out-Group Members In Practice

Trần Nguyễn Linh Chi

Strategy 1: Listen to Out-Group Members

● More than anything, out-group members want to be heard.

● Listening should be a top priority of a leader, it’s an

important way that a leader can respond to out-group

members.

● Listening requires that leaders set aside their own biases to

allow out-group members to express their viewpoints freely.

● When out-group members feel they have been heard. they

feel confirmed and connected to the larger group.

Trần Nguyễn Linh Chi
Strategy 2: Show Empathy to Out-Group Members

● Sympathy:

➔is similar to listening, but more demanding.

➔is an effort to understand the feelings of out-group members.

● Leader must suspend his/her own feelings to “stand in the shoes” of out-group members.

● Techniques include restatement, paraphrasing, reflection and giving support.

Trần Nguyễn Linh Chi

Trần Nguyễn Linh Chi
Trần Nguyễn Linh Chi
 Strategy 3: Recognize the Unique Contributions of

Out-Group Members

● Expectancy theory: First step in motivation process is

to let workers know they are competent in their work.

Motivation builds when people know they are able to

do the job.

● It is common for out-group members to believe

others do not recognize their strengths.

● Leaders should identify out-group members’ unique

abilities and integrate these into the group process. Trần Nguyễn Linh Chi
 EXAMPLES:
1/ If an out-group member suggests a radical but ultimately successful approach to accomplish a difficult

task, the leader should express appreciation to the out-group member.

2/ Students in a college class do a service-learning project -> build a wheelchair ramp for an elderly

woman in the community

● In the beginning, one group member - Alissa chose not to participate.

● She felt rejected and soon became isolated from the group.

● One of the leaders of the group paid more attention to Alissa.

● By the last day, Alissa felt so included by the group, she decided to help with the manual labor.

Trần Nguyễn Linh Chi

Strategy 4: Help out-group members feel included
Strategy 5: Create a special relationship with out-group members
Strategy 6: Give out-group members a voice and empower them to act
Summary
Case study: Next Step
 Questions

1. This chapter discusses several reasons that out-groups form. What is the best explanation for

why Ursula, Nichole, and Todd appear to be out-group members? What impact are they having on

Next Step? Do they have legitimate concerns? Discuss.

2. How could the initial meeting about fund-raising strategies have been conducted so that all
members were included in the decision?
3. Of the six strategies for how leaders should respond to out-group members, do you think
that certain strategies might be more appropriate or effective in this situation given the
verbalized feelings about Next Step from the out-group members?
4. How could other members of the group besides James help to build the group identity

and sense of cohesion in Next Step?

5. In this situation, do you think it is worth the time and effort to try to include Ursula,
Nichole, and Todd? Defend your answer.