SAP – 1 COMPUTER

(Part 1)
Dr. Joan P. Lazaro

NCP 2201 – Computer System Architecture

and Organization
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
Upon completion of this topic, the learner will
be able to:
 Examine the different components of SAP-1
computer;
 Analyze the different instruction sets in SAP-
1 computer;
 Create the program using the instruction sets
of SAP-1 computer.
INTRODUCTION
A. SAP -1
ARCHITECTURE
SAP -1 ARCHITECTURE
 The figure shows the architecture (structure)
of SAP-1, a bus organized computer.
 All register outputs to the W bus are three-
state; this allows orderly transfer of data.
 All other register outputs are two-state, these
outputs continuously drive the boxes they are
connected to.
PROGRAM COUNTER
PROGRAM COUNTER
PROGRAM COUNTER
Input and Memory Address
Register (MAR)
 Below the program counter is the Input and
MAR block.
 It includes the address and data switch
registers.
 These switch registers, which are part of the
input unit, allows you to send 4 address bits
and 8 data bits to the RAM.
 As you recall, instruction and data words are
written into the RAM before a computer run.
Input and MAR
RAM
 The RAM is a 16 x 8 static TTL RAM.
 You can program the RAM by means of the
address and data switch registers.
 This allows you to store a program and data in
the memory before a computer run.
RAM
INSTRUCTION REGISTER
CONTROLLER-SEQUENCER
CONTROLLER-SEQUENCER
CONTROLLER-SEQUENCER
CONTROLLER-SEQUENCER
ACCUMULATOR
ADDER-SUBTRACTER
B REGISTER
OUTPUT REGISTER
 At the end of a computer run, the accumulator
contains the answer to the problem being
solved. At this point, we need to transfer the
answer to the outside world. This is where the
output register is used.
 When EA is high and LO is low, the next
positive clock edge loads the accumulator
word into the output register.
OUTPUT REGISTER
 The output register is often called an output
port because processed data can leave the
computer through this register.
 In microcomputers the output ports are
connected to interface circuits that drive
peripheral devices like printers, cathode-ray
tubes, teletypewriters, and so forth.
BINARY DISPLAY
SUMMARY
B. INSTRUCTION SET
INSTRUCTION SETS
1. LDA
2. ADD
3. SUB
4. OUT
5. HLT
LDA
ADD
ADD
SUB
SUB
SUB
OUT
HLT
MEMORY-REFERENCE
INSTRUCTIONS
MNEMONICS
SAP-1 INSTRUCTION SET
8080 AND 8085
MICROPROCESSOR
8080 AND 8085
MICROPROCESSOR
PROGRAMMING SAMPLE #1:
SOLUTION:
The program is in the low memory, located at address
0H to 5H. The first instruction loads the accumulator
with
SOLUTION:
C. SAP-1 PROGRAMMING
SAP-1 OP CODE
SAP-1 PROGRAMMING
SAP-1 PROGRAMMING
SAP-1 PROGRAMMING
SAMPLE PROGRAM #2:
Translate the program
of Example 1 into SAP-
1 machine language.

SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
SAMPLE PROGRAM #3:
SOLUTION: (Assembly language)
SOLUTION: (Machine language)
CONT...
SAMPLE PROGRAM #4:
Chunk the program and data in Example #3 by
converting to hexadecimal shorthand.
SOLUTION:
Address Contents
0H 09H
1H 1AH
2H 1BH
SOLUTION