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 Readings in Philippine History

Presentation is
CHAPTER 2:
Ready
Controversies in Group 1.meet.google.com

the Philippine Join now Present

History
Readings in Philippine History

Members of the Group

Añonuevo,Joyce

Dela Rama, Bimbo

Bonavente,Jephony

Aramil, Lorena
Admit All
Readings in Philippine History

Members of the Group

Cabasa, Angelika

Bo, Emerson

Pascua, Walter

San Antonio,Edbert

Admit All
Readings in Philippine History

Members of the Group

Chua, Judy Rose

Maycacayan, Edgar

Cervo, Siey

Dangcalan, Khan
Lemar
Admit All
 Readings in Philippine History
GROUP 1 is presenting…..
TOPICS:
1.Site of the First Mass
2.Jose Rizal’s Retraction
3.Cry of Balintawak / Pugadlawin
4.Battle of Tirad Pass
5.First Man to Circle the Globe
6. Last Filipino General to Surrender to the American
 Readings in Philippine History

Añonuevo is presenting…..
INTRODUCTION
Significant events in the past always have
different versions ,it depends upon whose
narration will you believe in. As eye witness and
people who actually took part in the significant
have contradicting narrations.
 Readings in Philippine History

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This complicates the study of history while many

may agree that what counts is the events and its
contribution to what we are and what we have
today, history enthusiasts would continue to seek
and demand the exact narrations of the event to
finally put to these controversies.
 Readings in Philippine History

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The emergence of modern technology has

little contribution to shed light to these
controversies, it is must for historians to put
to rest these while the primary and
secondary sources are still available.
 Readings in Philippine History

Añonuevo is presenting…..

This chapter will be able to:

1.Narrate the controversial historical events.
2.Support the version by primary and secondary
sources.
3.Compare and contrast different accounts or versions
of controversial history event
 Readings in Philippine History

Añonuevo is presenting…..

SITE OF THE FIRST MASS

PLACE: Limasawa, Southern Leyte or Masao Butuan City
DATE : March 31,. 1521
OFFICIATED : Father Pedro Valderama
PLACE : Mazawa, Masagua, Mazaua, Masao
 Readings in Philippine History

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 Readings in Philippine History

Añonuevo is presenting…..
 Readings in Philippine History

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 Readings in Philippine History

Añonuevo is presenting…..
 Readings in Philippine History

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 Readings in Philippine History

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 Readings in Philippine History

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 Readings in Philippine History

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Where was the first mass held? Accounts of the historians differ as to where
was the holy mass was celebrated by Father Pedro Valderama on Easter
morning of March 31, 1521., whether it was in Limasawa , Southern Leyte
or Masao Butuan City . Comparing the narratived it is clear that their term
use to discribe the place are almost similar to one another as it is called
Mazava, Masaua, or Masao but they were unanimous that a place was
abundant in gold and spices. While the enactment of law in 1960 has
temporarily put to rest the issue., there is a need of careful and thorough
investigation for the people of Limasawa and the people of Butuan.
 Readings in Philippine History

Dela Rama is presenting…..

ARGUMENTS IN FAVOR OF
LIMAWASA, SOUTHERN LEYTE
 Readings in Philippine History

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Francisco Albo’s account
A journal or log of Magallanes voyage was written by
Francisco Albo, covering the voyage from Cape San
Agustin in Brazil until the Victoria (the first ship to
circumnavigate to globe) returned to Spain. The log begins
Nov. 29, 1519 and end September 4, 1522. From the
account
 Readings in Philippine History

Dela Rama is presenting…..

March 1516, they sight more island giving names to two, Suluan and
Yunagan- the first island of the archipelago of San Lazaro (the
Philippines). They land successfully at the island of Gada, Seilani, and
Mazava and pass by anchor at Matan, Subu, Babai. We left Subu sailing
southeast. Between the cape of Subu and an island name Bohol; and
on the western side of the cape of Subu is another island, by name
Panilongo inhabited by blacks. This island and Subu have gold
quantities of ginger. (NOTICE THE WORD MAZAVA, where the
expedition landed).
 Readings in Philippine History

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Miguel Lopez de Legaspe and/or Hernando

Riquel (Court Clerk of the Home Office) account
Miguel Lopez de Legaspe and/or Hernando Riquel
(Court Clerk of the Home Office) account.
 Readings in Philippine History

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Base on the May 1564 Report of the Occurrence on the
Voyage and Journey of the Armada of his Majesty under
the command of General Miguel Lopez de Legaspi in the
discovery of the island of the west. The expedition as we
know was led by Miguel Lopez de Legaspi, who was on the
board the San Pedro, together with head technician
navigator Andres de Urdaneta and Hernando Riquel.
 Readings in Philippine History

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In the morning of Feb 13, 1564, they caught the site of the Philippines.
The expedition entered at the island of Samar called Tandaya. Based on
the description of the pilots and on the map drawn on their charts by
Martinez Fortun and Diego Martin, we can conclude without any doubt
that the point of arrival was island of Tubabao on the cost of Samar ,
situated Latitude 12 07 and 125 33 east. Magellan had reached the
Philippines making landfall at the same point. On March 9, after
consultation with the officers, it was decided that the expedition go to the
island of Mazagua now called Limasawa.
 Readings in Philippine History

Aramil is presenting…..

LETTER OF JOSEPHINE
BRACKER
 Readings in Philippine History

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According to De Viana (2013) 1961, the Jose Rizal

National Centennial Commission published Rizal's letter to
his friends and relative included among these letters was
one made by Josephine Bracken in 1897 which was a
brief description of her life
 Readings in Philippine History

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Letter (put in a box)
Description (sic) of my life
22nd February 1897, Monday

On the 22th of July 1896, Dr. Rizal left Dapitan for Cuba as a doctor in the army. But
unfortunately they (the Spanish authorities) brought him back again and shot him
on the 30th of December 1896. Before his execution, he married me at 5 o'clock in
the morning.
This is when I am 20 years old, 1896
Josephine Bracken de Rizal, a widow
Good-bye father I am dead
 Readings in Philippine History

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Dracken, in her diary claimed that Rizal married her

hours before Rizal's execution and the fact that she
even used "Rizal' as surname. Then, there could be
retraction. lt is a condition of the priest before
solemnizing the marriage or Rizal and Bracken that the
former (Rizal) retracted first.
 Readings in Philippine History

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CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS AROUND

RIZAL’S DEATH
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December 30, 1896. 12:00 04:00 a.m. Rizal sleeps restfully because
his confidence in the goodness of God and the justness of his
cause gives him astounding serenity and unusual calmness.
December 30, 1896. 04:00 05:00 a.m. Rizal picks up Imitation of
Christ, reads, meditates and then writes in Kemphis' book a
dedication to his wife Josephine and by this very act in itself he
gives to her their only certificate of marriage.
05:00-06:15 a.m. Rizal washes up, takes breakfast, attends to his
personal needs.
 Readings in Philippine History

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Writes a letter to his parents. Reads Bible and meditates,

Josephine is prohibited by the Spanish officers from seeing
Rizal, according to Josephine's testimony to R. Wildman in
1899
06:15-07:00 a.m. Rizal walks to the place of execution
between Fr. March and Fr. Villaclara with whom he
converses. Keeps looking around as if seeking or expecting
to see someone. His last word, said in loud voice: "It is
finished"
 Readings in Philippine History

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07:00-07:03 a.m. Sounds of gun. Rizal vacillates, turns

halfway arouna,falls down backwards and lies on the ground
facing the sun. Silence. Shouts of vivas for Spain

The chronology of event mentioned about Rizal handling the

marriage certificate to Josephine between 04:00-05:00 in the
morning. Josephine also mentioned that that they were
married at 05:00 in the morning before the execution of Rizal
 Readings in Philippine History

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An Eyewitness Account by Rev. Fr. Antonio

Rosell
 Readings in Philippine History

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"I heard Fathers Balaguer and Villaclara tell of the conversion of the
condemned man with all the details of discussion and observations
that took place among them. Likewise I heard them relate that Rizal
spontaneously asked his confession to be heard, receiving many times
this Sacrament and that after the dawn of the thirtieth he took
communion and was united in Holy Matrimony with the young Irish
Josefina. There was according to these fathers a brief but complete
retraction written and signed by Rizal himself. I do not remember literally
the text of this abjuration and profession of Catholic faith"
 Subject Subject Put Subject Here

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ARGUMENTS AGAINST RETRACTION

 Subject Subject Put Subject Here

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Statements of Baron Fernandez
Baron Fernandez, a Spanish orphan who worked for almost half a century in two
secret archives in Madrid and Segovia. He found a thick sheaf of Rizal’s defense
(unofficial defense – ADICIORES A MI DEFENSA) which he had written before his
execution in December 30, 1896.
Fernandez said, “I have documents stating before he faced death, Rizal told
Narcisa to look inside his shoes because he had a secret letter there.” Fernandez
claimed that the letter contained the denial of his retraction because Rizal knew
that the friars were misleading the Filipino people (Pasigui & Cabalu, 2006).
 Subject Subject Put Subject Here

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Manoling Morato’s “Expose”
Manoling Morato, a friend of Baron Fernandez, bought from Fernandez
the alleged document containing Rizal’s denial of the said retraction that
took place hours before his execution. Morato said in his “EXPOSE” that
the friars forged the retraction letter and published in the CLERICO-
FASCIST newspaper at that time. Morato maintained that Rizal never
retracted although friars managed to publish a fake copy of his retraction
(Pasigui & Cabalu, 2006).
 Subject Subject Put Subject Here

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Josephine Bracken Failed to Produce Marriage Contract

After Jose Rizal’s death in 1896, Josephine Bracken sued the
Rizal Family in order to produce the so-called “Jose’s Last
Will and Testament” and even wrote Ferdinand Blumentritt
asking help to claim some properties entitled to her being the
widow of Rizal. Properties included Rizal’s Library valued
at3,000 pesos and some paintings of Juan Luna.
 Subject Subject Put Subject Here

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The library was under the safekeeping of Jose Ma. Basa including
1,000 pesos in cash. When Basa received the demand from
Josephine and her lawyers, he only asked Josephine’s proof
marriage with Jose Rizal, a marriage certificate issued by church
authorities in Manila or even a certification from the British Consul in
Manila.
 Subject Subject Put Subject Here

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Josephine was not able to produce the document and so she

failed to claim some properties of Rizal. (If there is no marriage
then there could be no retraction that took place before Rizal was
executed, as a retraction is a condition before the friars will
solemnize Jose and Josephine’s wedding.)
 Subject Subject Put Subject Here

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ACCOUNTS OF LIEUTENANT DIAZ

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Accounts of Lieutenant Olegario Diaz, Spanish Guardia Civil Supporting

the Balintawak Version. The accounts of Lieutenant Olegario Diaz support
the Balintawak version but the date was August 25 and not August 23 or
August 26. St. Clair (1902) wrote the account of the guardia civil.
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