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    Composition of The Earth

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    kaleem zargar
    The document describes the four major layers of the Earth: crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core. The crust is the outermost layer and is thinner under oceans. The mantle below is thick and composed of iron, silicon, and magnesium. Within the mantle is the asthenosphere. Below is the outer core of molten iron and nickel, and deepest is the inner solid ball of iron and nickel under extreme heat and pressure. Plate tectonics cause movement in the mantle that results in divergent, convergent, and transform boundaries.

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    Composition of The Earth

    Uploaded by

    kaleem zargar
    4 views18 pages
    The document describes the four major layers of the Earth: crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core. The crust is the outermost layer and is thinner under oceans. The mantle below is thick and composed of iron, silicon, and magnesium. Within the mantle is the asthenosphere. Below is the outer core of molten iron and nickel, and deepest is the inner solid ball of iron and nickel under extreme heat and pressure. Plate tectonics cause movement in the mantle that results in divergent, convergent, and transform boundaries.

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    Composition of the Earth

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    The document describes the four major layers of the Earth: crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core. The crust is the outermost layer and is thinner under oceans. The mantle below is thick and composed of iron, silicon, and magnesium. Within the mantle is the asthenosphere. Below is the outer core of molten iron and nickel, and deepest is the inner solid ball of iron and nickel under extreme heat and pressure. Plate tectonics cause movement in the mantle that results in divergent, convergent, and transform boundaries.

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    4 views18 pages

    Composition of The Earth

    Uploaded by

    kaleem zargar
    The document describes the four major layers of the Earth: crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core. The crust is the outermost layer and is thinner under oceans. The mantle below is thick and composed of iron, silicon, and magnesium. Within the mantle is the asthenosphere. Below is the outer core of molten iron and nickel, and deepest is the inner solid ball of iron and nickel under extreme heat and pressure. Plate tectonics cause movement in the mantle that results in divergent, convergent, and transform boundaries.

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    of 18

    Earth Layers

     The earth isn’t a solid sphere


     It is made of 4 major layers
    - Crust
    - Mantle
    - Outer core
    - Inner core
     “outer skin”
     Continental crust
    is about 70km
    Crust
    thick
     Oceanic crust is
    about 10 km thick
     (this is why so
    much ocean
    drilling occurs)
     About 2900 km thick Mantle
     Made of mostly Iron, Silicon and
    Magnesium
     Asthenosphere is
    the upper part of
    the mantle
     Very viscous
    Outer Core
     Approx. 2100 km thick
     Made of molten Iron and Nickel
     Approx 1300 km Inner Core
    radius
     Solid ball of Iron and
    Nickel
     Extremely hot
     Stays a solid due to
    very high pressure
    Plate Movement
     Caused by convection currents in the
    mantle
    Definitions
     Trench – steep walled valley where 2
    plates meet
     Slab pull – plates subducting pulls the
    rest of the plate with it
     Ridge Push – new forming rock pushes
    plate away from spreading centre
    Definitions
     Spreading Centre – area where plates
    move apart from each other

     Rift Valley – a spreading centre that


    occurs on land
    Types of Movement
    Collisions at Plate Boundaries
     Divergent
    - Pulling apart
    (spreading)
    - New rock is often
    formed here
    Collisions at Plate Boundaries
     Convergent
    - Plates come together
    - Often subduction occurs (one slides
    under the other)
    **More on this in a moment**
    Collisions at Plate Boundaries
     Transform
    - Plates slide past each other
    - Produces earthquakes
    - Eg. San Andreas Fault
    Convergent Boundaries
     There are three different types of
    convergent boundaries
     These depend on what type of
    plates come together
     Oceanic-continental
     Oceanic-oceanic
     Continental-continental
    Oceanic-Continental
     The oceanic plate subducts beneath the
    continental plate
     Eg. Coastal BC
     The Juan de Fuca (oceanic) plate
    subducts under the North American
    (continental) plate
     This causes coastal mountains and land
    volcanoes
    Oceanic-Oceanic
     One plate will sub duct beneath another
     Volcanic activity and possible islands
    form
    Continental-Continental
     Plates are not likely to subduct
     They push on each other and form
    mountains

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