MODERN CONCEPTS OF

CHILD CARE

BY
LAKSHMI PAVITHRA
NURSING TUTOR
APOLLO COLLEGE OF NURSING
HYDERABAD
 MEANING OF PAEDIATRICS PAEDIA

PAEDIOS:
 -a child or denoting a relationship to the child
IATRIC
 -surgery/medicine i.e treatment ICS - suffix of a subject of science.
PAEDIATRICS:

Is the study & care of children in sickness & in health

from conception through adolescence Pediatrics can
be defined as the branch of medical science that
deals with the care of children from conception to
adolescence in health and illness. It is concerned
with preventive, promotive, curative and
rehabilitative care of children.
Paediatric Nursing is the branch of nursing
concerned with care of infants and children. It
focuses on providing holistic care to infants, children
and adolescents. The goal of paediatric nursing is to
foster growth and development of the child and
promote optimum state of physical, mental and
social wellness.
 CONCEPT OF CHILD CARE

 Health is a fundamental right of every human being

“A healthy child becomes a healthy citizen and a
healthy citizen makes a healthy nation”
 MODERN CONCEPT OF CHILD CARE

Child care has a prime importance as the mortality

and morbidity rates are highest in this group and
most of the diseases are preventable.
The goal of Pediatric nursing is to foster the growth
and development of the child and promote an
optimum state of health physically, mentally and
socially, so that he may function at the peak of his
capacity
The Nurse must observe the state of the child’s
health illness state, his strength and weakness, and
the effectiveness of coping mechanism. The nurse
must have patience and emotional balance, while
dealing with children and their parents especially in
critically ill cases
 CONCEPTS RELATING TO CARE OF THE CHILD AND NURSES ROLE

Areas to be considered

Health promotion

Prevention of illness

Health maintenance

Health restoration
Current concept of paediatric nursing

A-advocate for child and family

C-communicate with the child
A-activate child activities
D- disseminate information related to child health
programmes
E-educate the public about child health
M- motivate people to participate in child care
I-investigate available resources
C-collaborate care
 RIGHTS OF CHILDREN

The right The right to

to survival protection

The right to The right to

development participation
The economic,
The right to
social and
cultural rights expression

the right to
The right to
name and
recreation nationality
 International rights

Right to develop in an atmosphere of affection and

security whenever possible in care under
responsibility of his and her parent
Right to equality without distinction on a account of
race , religion
Right to name and nationality.
Right to special education for handicapped.
Right to recreational activity and free education.
Right to understanding parents love and security
Right to physical, mental and social development
Right to medical services and housing
Right to be among the first to receive relief in case of
disaster
Right to secure from neglect
Right to enjoy these rights regardless of race, colour,
sex, religion, nation and social origin
 NATIONAL POLICIES FOR CHILDREN

August 1974 GOALS :

The National policy for education adopted by
parliament gives direction to state to make policies
required to meet educational needs of children.
It shall be the policy of state to provide adequate
services to children both before and after birth &
through out the period of growth to ensure full
physical, mental and social development.
all children in the country enjoy optimum and attain
the balanced growth.
PRIORITIES IN PROGRAMME FORMULATION

 Preventive and promotive aspects of children and child health.

 Nutrition for infants and children in the preschool age along
with nutrition for nursing and expectant mother.
 Maintenance, education and training of orphans and destitute
children. • Creches and other facilities for care of children of
working and ailing mothers.
 Care, education and training of handicapped children.
 NATIONAL POLICY FOR CHILDREN-2011

 This policy is framed keeping in mind the Rights of All

Children; a child being any person before, during and after
birth until the age of 18 yrs.
 Focuses on rights based approach from need based approach.
 It outlines the way in which Government of India aims to
safeguard, inform, support and empower children, both in
their individual situation and in development of country as a
whole.
 Provision of this policy can be taken as a guide for all other
policies or programme's or legislations that impact lives of
children.
 VISION

 It aims to create a maturing, protective and enabling

environment for children based on non-discrimination, equity,
justice and best interest of children in the country.
 The state commits hereby to take all positive measures,
legislative policies or otherwise to promote and safeguard the
rights of all children to live and grow with equity, dignity,
security and freedom with each children of his/her identity.
 GUIDING PRINCIPLES

All children have equal rights irrespective of class,

caste or gender.
Child rights are universal; inalienable,
interdependent and indivisible.
The best interest of child shall be of paramount
consideration in all actions and decisions;
concerning children, whether undertaken by state,
court laws, administrative authorities, legislative
bodies or social welfare institutions.
The safety of all children shall be of prime
importance and they shall be protected from harm,
abuse, neglect, violence, maltreatment and
exploitation.
The physical, emotional, cognitive and social
development of child shall be addressed in totality
within family and society at large.
The physical, environmental including non
instructional care is most conductive for all round
development of children.
The principles of justice, equality and non
discrimination shall guide all action concerning child
whether under taken by state or an authority or
institution or an individual.
Respect for views of children in accordance with age
and maturity of child should be assure in all matters
affecting them.
Consultation and participation of children in an age
appropriate manner and their evolving capacities in
all matters in an unalienable rights of every child
Take positive measures for promotion, and
protection of the rights of all children shall be
primary responsibility of the state.
 STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE

The state shall commit to:

Ensure survival, development, health, nutrition,
clean water and sanitation to prevent child mortality,
malnutrition, diseases and disabilities
Ensure highest standards of human, financial and
infrastructural resources. So that all children develop
to their full potential.
Establish and strengthen the safety net of strong
laws, institutions, procedures and enforcement
machinery to ensure the protection of all children
and reduce their vulnerability.
Create an environment where in children’s views,
choices, perceptions and aspirations are sought in all
matters affecting them.
Network and collaborate locally, regionally,
nationally and internationally with other stake
holders in order to safeguard and promote rights of
all children.
Ensure free, compulsory, quality education and
development of all children.
Reduce gender, religion, economic and social
disparities that affect rights of all children.
LEGISLATIONS IN RELATION TO CHILD AND
WELFARE

The children act, 1960

Amended in 1977
Emphasis on provision of care, maintenance,
welfare, training, education and rehabilitation of the
delinquent child.
It cover the neglected and destitute, socially
handicapped, victimized and delinquent children
 THE CHILD MARRIAGE RESTRAIN ACT, 1978

 In 1929, the sharada act was enacted forbidding the practice of

child marriage.
 The Child Marriage Restrain Act, 1978 – rises the legal age of
marriage for girls from 15 yrs to 18 yrs boys from 18 yrs to 21
yrs.
 It is a preventive measure for maternal and infant mortality
and morbidity
 CHILD LABOUR ACT, 1986:

 According to this act, except in the process of family-based

work or recognized school based activities, children’s are not
allowed to work in occupations concerned with –
 Passengers, goods mail transport by railway
 Cement manufacturing, cloth painting
 Building construction operation
 Dying, weaving, beedi making, wool cleaning
 Printing, mica cutting, splitting, Hours and period of work
 The period of work should be fixed only for 3 hrs and no child
shall work more than 3 hrs.
 No child shall be allowed to work between 7 pm – 8 am.
 EDUCATION FOR ALL HANDICAPPED CHILDREN ACT. 1975

Arouse from federal case law, with the aim of special

education and related services should be designed to
meet the unique learning needs of eligible children
with disabilities.
 Should be prepared for further education, employment and
independent living.
 Disabilities include … intellectual disability, hearing
impairment, speech or language impairment, visual
impairment etc
 CHILD ABUSE ACT, 1974

 Child abuse: can be defined as causing and permitting any

harmful or offensive contact on child’s body and any
communication or transaction of kind which frightens or
shames the child.
 The harm may be physical harm ( beating, kicking), emotional
harm, sexual abuse or exploitation.
under this act, children are protected from
exploitation or abuse
 JUVENILE JUSTICE ACT, 2000

 Recently amended in 2006.

 This act defines juvenile/ child as a person who has not
completed age of 18 years. It has 2 separate chapters: 1. for
juvenile in conflict with law 2. for children in need for care and
protection.
Juvenile in conflict with law, is a child who is alleged
to have committed an offence, and Children in need
of care and protection, are child who are neglected,
abused, abandoned, victims of any armed conflict or
natural calamities amongst others.
 Provisions & procedures are implemented through

Juvenile justice board

 Child welfare committee
 Institutional care through children home, shelter home, special
homes and after care organizations.
 Special juvenile policy unit
 Non-institutional care through adoption, foster care,
sponsorship and after care.
 Juvenile justice fund
 Selection committee
 inspection committee
 PARENTAL KIDNAPING PREVENTION ACT 1980

Is the care, control and maintenance of a child,

which a court may award to one self the parents
following a divorce or separation procedures.
Girl child act (compulsory education and welfare)
Act, 2000.
A bill to provide free and compulsory minimum
education for the girl child and other welfare
measures to be undertaken by the state for her
proper development.
 STRATEGIES

this act may be called as girl child act

 it extends to whole of India
it shall come into force at once.
In this act, unless otherwise the context require,
appropriate govt.
girl child – any women below age of 16 yrs. 3.
Appropriate govt. shall provide every girl child,
compulsory and free education upto matriculation
level or secondary level
study materials ( books, stationaries etc. .
free hostel facilities
 school uniform, shoes, socks free of cost
scholarships
The appropriate govt. shall provide nutritious meals
free of cost to all the girl students in schools,
colleges, institutions, universities and hostels. 5. The
appropriate govt. shall provide regular free medical
aid and health care to every girl child through out the
country. 6. Provision for vocational training. 7. The
appropriate govt. shall provide proper and gainful
employment to every girl child after completion of
her education or vocational training.
It shall be the duty of the head of the family men/
women , to send every girl child of the family to
school, colleges or institutions for recieving
education or vocational training.
Whoever contravenes the provision of section , shall
be punishable with imprisonment which may extend
to 2 yrs or with fine of rs. 2000/- or both. 10. The
central govt. may, by notification in the official
gazette, make rules for carrying out the purposes of
this act.
 CHILD ADOPTION ACT

The first modern adoption legislation, the Adoption of

Children Act, was passed in the U. S. state of
Massachusetts in 1851.
It required judges to determine that adoptive parents
had “sufficient ability to bring up the child” and that “it
is fit and proper that such adoption should take effect.
Modern adoption laws and practices aim to promote
child welfare and are regarded as an integral part of
government efforts to protect the interests of the
young.
Child adoption law in Indian citizens can adopt in
India under three major legislations:
The Hindu Adoption and Maintenance Act of 1956,
The Guardians and Wards Act of 1890 and
The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection) Act of
2000, amended in 2006.