MOTION

Aristotlean and Galilean

Conceptions of Motion
What is the difference
between the ideas of
Aristotle and Galileo
Galilei in terms of
motion?
Aristotle (Ἀριστοτέλης) 384–322 BCE was a Greek
philosopher and scientist born in the city of
Stagira, in classical Greece.
At 17 years of age, he joined Plato’s Academy in
Athens and remained there until the age of
thirty-seven (c. 347 BCE).
Shortly after Plato died, Aristotle left Athens and,
at the request of Philip of Macedon, tutored
Alexander the Great beginning in 343 BC.
• Aristotle set out 3 laws of motion, based on observations (but
not on experiment)
• * objects fall at a constant rate, that depends on their size
and weight.
• * there is a difference between “violent motion” versus
“natural motion”
• * objects in the heavens (the celestial sphere) move in
circular motion, without any external force compelling them
to do so.
• Objects on Earth (the terrestrial sphere) move in straight
lines, unless forced to move in a circular motion.
 Galileo Galilei
 Galileo Galilei was an Italian, born in Pisa on
February 15, 1564. Galileo was an
astronomer, physicist and engineer,
sometimes described as a polymath from Pisa.
Galileo has been called the "father of
observational astronomy", the "father of
modern physics", the "father of the scientific
method", and the "father of modern science".
Galileo refined the concept of inertia. He did not
believe the ball came to a rest because it desired to
be in its natural state. 
The theory of inertia says that an object’s inertia will
maintain its state of motion.  So the ball should roll
on forever.  The ball only stops rolling because an
external force (friction) causing the ball to stop. 
The more inertia an object has, the harder it is to
change its state of motion.
• Galileo's laws of Motion: ... Developed
the idea of force, as a cause for motion.
• It determined that the natural state of
an object is rest or uniform motion, i.e.
objects always have a velocity,
sometimes that velocity has a magnitude
of zero = rest.
• Objects resist change in motion, which is
called inertia.
 Aristotle did not believe in the void
and thought the universe was a
continuum. Galileo refined the concept
of inertia. Galileo did not believe the
ball came to a rest because it desired
to be in its natural state. The theory of
inertia says that an object’s inertia will
maintain its state of motion.
Sir Isaac Newton (25 December 1642 –
20 March 1726/27) was an English
mathematician, physicist, astronomer,
theologian, and author (described in his
own day as a "natural philosopher“) who
is widely recognized as one of the most
influential scientists of all time, and a
key figure in the scientific revolution.
 Newton's laws of motion are three physical
laws that, together, laid the foundation for  classical
mechanics. They describe the relationship between
a body and the forces acting upon it, and its motion
in response to those forces. Newton’s first law of
motion is called the law of inertia; the second law,
the law of acceleration; and the third law is law of
interaction.
What is
motion?
 Motion is the
continuous change in
position with respect
to fixed point as
reference.
What is position?
What is a frame of
reference?
 What is position?
Position refers to the
location of an object with
respect to a frame of
reference.
 What is a frame of
reference?
Frame of reference is a
system that allows an
observer to specify
quantitatively where and
when something is observed.
 For 5 minutes fill up
worksheet no.1 to identify
if the object is moving and
state the frame of
reference.
Only 1 output but write all your
surnames(groupmates) on the sheet.
timer
Picture No. 1
Picture No.2
 Picture No. 3

The speed of the passengers with respect to the ground

depends of the relative directions of the passenger’s
and train’s speeds.
Picture No.4
Picture No. 5

Relative Motion

Everything moves
even though they
may appear to
be at rest.
So which is in motion
and which is not ?
1

Picture No. 1

Object Moving Not moving With respect to (frame of reference)

CAR √ Point 1 to 2
Passing by a house, a tree, and a lamp post
A point on the road
The ground
2

Picture No.2

Object Moving Not moving With respect to (frame of reference)

Jeepney √ the bus with faster or slower speed than it

Bus √ The jeepney, road, plants along the road
Driver √ the Passengers
Passengers √ fellow passengers
 Picture No. 3
The speed of the passengers with rtespect to the ground
depends of the relative directions of the passenger’s
and train’s speeds.

Object Moving Not Moving With respect to (frame of reference)

The train √ the rails, the ground
The Passengers √ the stations
Fellow passengers
4

Picture No.4

Object Moving Not moving With respect to (frame of reference)

Earth √ all objects within its surface
√ the Sun, the stars and all other heavenly bodies
5
Relative Motion
Picture No. 5
Everything moves
even though they
may appear to
be at rest.

Object Moving Not moving With respect to (Frame of Reference)

Statue √ Church at the back, the ground, the plants
√ Sun and all other heavenly bodies
PART I

On a one whole long-sized bond

paper, copy the Question and answer
concisely right away.
1. Define operationally: a) vector quantity b) scalar
quantity c) distance d)displacement e) resultant
2. Which one is a vector quantity?or scalar
quantity? d) 1 g/cm2
a) 100m2 e) 700 newtons

b) 120km/hr East of Cubao f)10m/s

c) 300joules, downward g)24,000kgm/s West
 Adding Vectors
3. How are you going to add vectors acting
in the same direction? Give 2 examples.
4. How are vectors acting in opposite
directions added? Give 2 examples.
5. For vectors acting at right angles, how are
they added? Give one simple example.
(See date of submission at the end)
Motion
 Motion is the
continuous change in
position with respect
to fixed point as
reference.
d is ta n c e
Motion is the
continuous change in
position with respect
to fixed point as
reference.
Distance

Displacement
Compare Distance from
Displacement
Compare Distance from Displacement

What is Distance?

What is a Displacement?
Compare Distance from Displacement

What is Distance?
Distance is the length of the path
taken by the body moving from its
initial to final position. It is a scalar
quantity. (The units are units of length.)
What is a Displacement?
What is Distance?
Distance, d is the length of the path taken by the body in motion from its
initial to final position. It is a scalar quantity.
What is Displacement?
Displacement, d is the magnitude or length of path with a
direction pointing from the initial to the final position. It is
a vector quantity.
= is a straight-line distance between the initial and the
final position, in a direction.
Its unit is the unit of length, in a direction.
 Finding the Distance

A
 Finding the Distance

Answer: The total blue path from

A to B is the total distance
What is the Displacement?

A
 What is the Displacement?

Answer: The red straight-line distance from

point A to point B is the displacement
Problem: You are from building A and your teacher requested
you to go to Kamuning Elem School to deliver an invitation
letter. a)What’s the total distance that you walked?
C 50m
B b)Find your displacement.
QCHS gate

400m
F KES Principal’s
300m
Office
d = 500 m

QCHS SHS 250m

A Bldg
500 m E
D
 Solution:
a) Distance, d = AB +BC+CD+DE+EF
= 300m+50m+400m
C 50m +500m+250m
B
QCHS gate d = 1500m

400m
F KES Principal’s
300m
Office
d = 500 m

QCHS SHS 250m

A Bldg
500 m E
D
 Solution:
a) Distance, d = AB +BC+CD+DE+EF
= 300m+50m+400m
C 50m +500m+250m
B
QCHS gate d = 1500m

b) Displacement , d = 500m, E of S
(Whatever is the given measure between A and F is the
answer of displacement)
400m
F KES Principal’s
300m
Office
d = 500 m E

QCHS SHS 250m N S

A Bldg
500 m E
D W
 Answers:
a) Distance, d = AB +BC+CD+DE+EF
QCHS gate = 300m+50m+400m
C B
50m +500m+250m
d = 1500m
b) Displacement , d = 500m, E of S
400m
F KES Principal’s
300m
Office
d= 500m
E
A
QCHS SHS 250m N S
Bldg
500 m E W
D
 Problem 2:

Your house a)Find the distance of your

B house from the school.
b) How far (displacement)
is your house from the
a=400 m
school?
N

W E

S
QCHS SHS

b=300 m
C A
Sct. Ybardolaza St.
If vectors are acting at right angles:
Your house
SOLUTION :
B — — — —
a) Distance,d = BC + CA
d = 400m + 300m
d = 700 m
a=400 m

W E

S
QCHS SHS

b=300 m
C A
Sct. Ybardolaza St.
 In solving for the displacement, use the
Your house Pythagorean theorem:
c2 = a 2 + b 2
B
c =√ a2 + b2
c=displacement, d = √(BC)2 + (AC)2
d = √ (400m)2 + (300m)2
a=400 m
d = √(160,000m2)+(90,000m2
c=?

N
d = √ (250,000 m2

E
d = 500 m
W (the magnitude)
S
QCHS SHS

b=300 m
C Sct. Ybardolaza St.
A
 =

Your house In finding the direction, use tangent:

B Opposite side
B Tangent ꝋ =
a c Adjacent side
a 400m
Tan ꝋ = = = 1.333
C b A b 300m
tan ꝋ= 1.333 press1.333 inv tan
a=400 m ꝋ= 1.333 tan-1 press inv OO ’ ’ ““
ꝋ= 53 O 7’ NW
N
ANSWER:
d = 500m, 53O N of W
W E

S
QCHS SHS
ꝋ
b=300 m
C A
Sct. Ybardolaza St.
Situation: Jogging around QCMC for
Problem:
1.Find total distance covered.
2. What’s the displacement ?
Quezon City
Memorial
Circle

(Circumference
, c = 2 km)
Starting point
Situation: Jogging around QCMC for
Problem:
1.Find total distance covered.
2. What’s the displacement ?
Quezon City
Memorial
Circle A N S W E R S:

(Circumference 1.Distance = circumference, c

, c = 2 km)
Starting point d = 2km
Situation: Jogging around QCMC for
Problem:
1.Find total distance covered.
2. What’s the displacement ?
Quezon City
Memorial
A N S W E R S:
Circle

(Circumference 1.Distance = circumference, c

, c = 2 km)
d = 2km
Starting point
2.Displacement, d = 0 (bec. there’s no
distance between the initial and final points.)
 PART
II :
On a long-sized bond paper, copy
the following problems and solve.
(Show complete solution, draw
diagram if needed):
1. Eric and Eve are out boat-riding on the lake
on a hot summer day when they decided to
dive off the water. Eve dives off from the
front of the boat with a force of 55 N, while
Eric dives off from the back with a force of
75 N. Find the resultant force of the boat.
2. Joy sees a butterfly outside her bedroom window.
She says the butterfly moved 40 meters East, 30
meters North and 60 meters West before it
disappeared. A) What was the displacement of the
butterfly while Joy was watching? B) What total
distance did it make?
3. A bus leaves terminal and travels 30 km East and
then 15km 50o South of East. Find the bus’ resultant
displacement vector.
4. Jun wants to go to SM Fairview which is 600m
30o NW from his house. How far North and how far
West is SMFairview from his place?
5. Faith walks 8 km East, then 5 km
South and finally 6 km West.
a) Find the total distance covered.
b) Find her final displacement.

Submission will be:

Archon - October 10, 2019
Banquet – October 10, 2019
Concierge – October 8, 2019
Donzel – October 8, 2019