TOPIC : STRUCTURE OF ATOM

 The word atom is derived from the

Greek word atomos which means
indivisible. The Greeks concluded
that matter could be broken down
into particles too small to be seen.
These particles were called atoms
Structure of an Atom

 It is the smallest unit of an element that

cannot exist by itself .An atom is a
neutral particle which consist of three
sub atomic particles.
1. Proton
2. Electron
3. Neutron

Next
 HYDROGEN ISOTOPE DEUTERIUM

•ELECTRON
-
•PROTON

•NEUTRON
+

•NEUCLEUS

•OUTER SHELL
PROTON

 Protons are present in the nucleus

and each have a positive charge of
+1. Protons have mass and
determine the mass number.

HOME
ELECTRON

 Electrons are tiny, negatively charged

particles with negligible mass that form a
cloud around the nucleus of an atom.
Around the nucleus in various shells
revolve the negatively charged electrons.
Starting from the nucleus the electrons
revolve in various shells called K, L M,
N, etc.
HOME
Neutron

 Neutrons are about the same size as

protons but their mass is slightly greater.
without neutrons present in the
nucleus ,the repulsion among the
positive charge protons would cause the
nucleus to fly apart.

HOME
Sub Atomic Particles Charged With

SUBATOM CHARGE

PROTON POSITIVE

ELECTRON NEGATIVE

NEUTRON NO CHARGE
Electron revolves in fixed orbit around the nucleus of an atom.
Structure of Hydrogen

+ 1 PROTON + CHARGE

- 1 ELECTRON – CHARGE

NO NEUTRON
Characteristics of an Atom

 Atomic No
 Mass No
 Isotopes
Atomic Number

 It is the number of protons that

determines the atomic number.
 The number of protons in an element is
constant .
 It is denoted by Z
 e.g in hydrogen Z = 1
Mass Number

 It is the total number of NEUTRONS and

protons present in nucleus of en atom
 It is denoted by A
 A = neutrons +protons
 neutron number may vary, so mass
number (protons + neutrons) may vary.
 Example for mass no and atomic no
with Structure of Hydrogen
-

+ No of Proton = 1
Mass No (A) = 1
- No of electrons = 1
No of neutrons = 0
Atomic no (Z) = 1
Atomic symbol of hydrogen

 AZX
 X= symbol of the element
 A= mass number (protons + neutrons)
 Z= Atomic number = Number of protons
1 2 3
H H H
1 1 1
Protium Deuterium Tritium
 Write the symbols and names of the
three isotopes of carbon C-12 , C-13 , C-
16
12
 symbol= C name = Carbon-12
6
 # protons = 6
 # e- = 6
 Neutrons = 6
 Mass number = 12
EXERCISE: page 244
 Activity: WHAT TO DO page 247
ELEMENT CHEMICAL ATOMIC MASS NUMBER PROTONS ELECTRONS NEUTRONS
SYMBOL NUMBER = p + + e- p+ e- n0
ZX
A

1. CARBON-12 12
6
C
2. CARBON-13 13
6
C
3. CARBON-16 16
6
C
Isotopes

 Two or more atom of the same element

which has same no. of protons but
different no. of neutrons
 Isotope of hydrogen

Element Isotope Neutron Proton electron

Hydrogen-1 Protium 0 1 1

Hydrogen-2 Deuterium 1 1 1

Hydrogen-3 Tritium 2 1 1
Isotope of hydrogen (diagram)

Protium Deuterium Tritium

•ELECTRON
•NECLEUS
•NEUTRON

•PROTON
 Isotope of Carbon (diagram)
C-14
C-12 C-13

•ELECTRON
•NECLEUS
•NEUTRON

•PROTON
Isotope of Carbon

Element Isotope Neutron Proton electron

Carbon C-12 6 6 6

Carbon C-13 7 6 6

carbon C-14 8 6 6
 IONS : CHARGED ATOMS

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PCZtnbxtXqE&feature=emb_logo
Answer the following:

1.What happens to sodium

when an electron from it was
lost?
2.What happened to Chlorine
when it gained one electron?
 Activity: What To Do page 248

 How many protons , electrons and

neutrons in the following ions?
ELEMENT PROTONS ELECTRONS NEUTRONS
SYMBOL

127
Au+
79

55
Mn+
25
31
P-
15
BIBLIOGRAPHY

 TEXT BOOK OF 9TH CLASS SCIENCE

 INTERNET
 http://www.cchem.berkeley.edu
 http://www.chem.vt.edu
 ENCARTA