Dr.

Ram Manohar Lohiya

P. G. College

Modern Periodic Table

Part I

 Introduction.
 Periods and groups.
 Metals, nonmetals and metalloids.
 The Modern Periodic Table
Given by H. G. J. Moseley (1887–1915),
British physicist in 1913.
 The Periodic Table is a listing of all the
known elements.
 The elements are organized by:
 Atomic number
 Chemical Properties
Groups and Periods

 Group( or Family): a vertical column.

Elements in groups have similar
chemical properties.

 Period: a horizontal row.

Groups and Periods are
numbered.
 There are 7 periods.

 There are 18 numbered columns.

There are total 118 elements in

which 94 are natural and 24 are
man made
The Periodic Table
Metals, Nonmetals and Metalloids
 Elements can be classified into:

 Metals

 Nonmetals

 Metalloids (semimetals)
Part II
 Valence Electrons
 Group 1
 Group 2
-Niels Bohr’s Model –
Distinct Energy Levels
Periods
 The periods (rows) of the periodic table
indicate the highest energy level
occupied by one or more electrons.
Valence Electrons
 The electrons the occupy the highest
energy level of an atom.

 Valence electrons play a key role in the

chemical properties of an element.
Group 1- Alkali Metals
 1 valence electron (ns1)

 Form a 1+ ion.

 Note: Hydrogen, a nonmetal, is located

in the first column because it has one
valence electron.
Group 1- Alkali Metals

Lithium
Sodium
Potassium
Rubidium
Cesium
Francium
Group 2- Alkali Earth Metals
 Have 2 valence electrons.

 Form 2+ ions.
Group 2- Alkali Earth Metals

Beryllium
Magnesium
Calcium
Strontium
Barium
Radium
Thank you
Deepraj Singh Chauhan
B. Sc. 1st Year