04/03/2022

Direct Proportion

L.O:- To be able to write equations that

link variables which are directly
proportional
Direct proportion
If two variables are directly proportional, it means
that if one doubles the other doubles. (Simply: the
variable is a multiple of the other).
So … if one is multiplied by ten, the other is
multiplied by ten AND If one is halved the other is
halved.
Exam: First need to find the multiplying factor
(called the constant of proportionality) then to use
it to solve a problem.
The two variables are linked by a constant of
proportionality known as k.
Two variables v and t are directly proportional.
When t = 8, v =18.
Write a formula which links v and t, in the form v = …

v t

Proportional
 A is directly proportional to B
Is written as A B

Divide your page into three columns and ten rows

Statement Using Equation
A is directly proportional to B A B

a) E is directly proportional to T
b) D is directly proportional to M
c) L is directly proportional to P
d) R is directly proportional to E
e) H is directly proportional to F
f) N is directly proportional to W
g) C is directly proportional to V
h) Q is directly proportional to Y
In 1 day, 1 person can hand print 20 t-shirts.

How many T-shirts can 2 people hand print in 1 day? VOLCODE

40
Can you form an equation to show the calculation?
T-shirts printed = 20 × Number of people

T-shirts printed ∝ Number of people

In 1 day, 1 person can paint 2 walls.

How many walls can 5 people paint in 1 day? 10

Can you form an equation to show the calculation?

Walls painted = 2 × Number of people

Walls painted ∝ Number of people

 Proportional Relationships

In 1 day, 1 person can print 20 t-shirts. VOLCODE

T-shirts printed ∝ Number of people Proportional Equation

Proportionality constant ()

When one variable increases or decreases,

the other variable increases or decreases too.
𝒚 =𝑘 𝒙
The variables are in direct proportion.
𝒚 =20 𝒙
People () 1 2 3 4 5

T-Shirts () 20 40 60 80 100
 For each directly proportional relationship,
write a proportional equation, with a value for and complete the table.
The first equation has been done for you.

In 1 day, 1 person can make 5 hats. People () 1 2 3 4 5

𝒚 =5 𝒙 Hats () 5 10 15 20 25

In 1 day, 1 person can make 8 shorts. People () 1 2 3 4 8

𝒚 =8 𝒙 Shorts () 8 16 24 32 64

In 1 hour, 2 people can make 20 cupcakes. People () 1 2 4 8 16

𝒚 =10 𝒙 Cupcakes () 10 20 40 80 160

In 1 day, 4 people can make paint rooms. People () 1 2 4 8 20

𝒚=0.5 𝒙 Rooms () 0.5 1 2 4 8

Direct Proportion Equations
 Direct Proportion

yαx

General Equation: y = kx

Direct Proportion: If one value increases,

so does the other.
Two variables v and t are directly proportional.
When t = 8, v =18.
Write a formula which links v and t, in the form v = …

v t
v = kt This will be the formula when
we find the value of k

Proportionality
Constant
General equation
A is directly proportional to B so,
◦A B
The general equation is A=kB where k is a constant which we will need
to find

A is directly proportional to B2 so,

◦ A B2
The general equation is A=kB2 where k is a constant which we will need
to find

A is directly proportional to B3 so,

◦ A B3
The general equation is A=kB3 where k is a constant which we will need
to find
The distance covered by a car (d) is directly proportional to
the time taken (t).
The car covers 91km in 3.5 hours.
1. Write a formula which links d and t, in the form d = …
2. How far does it cover in 2.5 hours?
3. If it travels 110.5km, how long has it been travelling?

d t

Proportional
The distance covered by a car (d) is directly proportional to
the time taken (t).
The car covers 91km in 3.5 hours.
1. Write a formula which links d and t, in the form d = …
2. How far does it cover in 2.5 hours?
3. If it travels 110.5km, how long has it been travelling?

d t
d = kt This will be the formula when
we find the value of k

Proportionality
Constant
Steps to success:
Step 1: Set up the statement, using the proportionality
symbol (AB)

Step 2: Set up the equation, using a constant of

proportionality (A=kB)

Step 3: Use the information to work out the value of the

constant of proportionality (k).

Step 4: Substitute the value of the constant of

proportionality into the NEW equation and use this to find
unknown values (e.g.: solve problems)
 Direct Proportion
If y varies directly with x and when y = 24 , x = 6 . Find the value y
when x = 10.
 ① Set up statement and an equation of proportionality.
② Substitute & to find .
③ Rewrite the equation using and substitute to find .

① 𝒚 =𝑘 𝒙
total widgets
employees
8 employees can produce 12 widgets in a day.

How many widgets can 10 employees produce in a day? ② 𝟏𝟐=𝑘× 𝟖

𝟏 .𝟓=𝑘
1.5 widgets per employee
③ 𝒚=1.5 𝒙
𝒚 =1.5× 10
𝒚 =15 widgets
 ① Write an equation of proportionality.
② Substitute & to find .
③ Rewrite the equation using and substitute to find .

① 𝑻 =𝑘 𝑫

T is directly proportional to D.
② 𝟑𝟎=𝑘× 𝟓
When D = 5, T = 30
𝟔=𝑘
Find the value of T when D = 7

③ 𝑻 =6 𝑫
𝑻 =6 ×7
𝑻 =42
 ① Write an equation of proportionality.
② Substitute & to find .
③ Rewrite the equation using and substitute to find .

① 𝑷 =𝑘 𝑸

P is directly proportional to Q.
② 𝟒𝟖=𝑘× 𝟔
When P = 48, Q = 6
𝟖=𝑘
a) Find the value of P when Q = 2

b) Find the value of Q when P = 32

③ 𝑷 =8 𝑸 𝑷 =8 𝑸
𝑷 =8 × 2 32=8 ×𝑸
𝑷 =16 4 =𝑸
 Write an equation of proportionality.
Substitute & to find .
Rewrite the equation using and substitute to find .

is directly proportional to .
= 27 when = 9

Find the value of when = 5

𝒚=𝑘 𝒙
27=𝑘 ×9
3=𝑘
REWRITE & SUBSTITUTE

𝒚 =3 𝒙
𝒚 =3 ×5
𝒚 =15
 Write an equation of proportionality.
Substitute & to find .
Rewrite the equation using and substitute to find .

is directly proportional to .
= 32 when = 4

Find the value of when = 10

𝒚=𝑘 𝒙
32=𝑘× 4
8=𝑘
REWRITE & SUBSTITUTE

𝒚 =8 𝒙
𝒚 =8 ×10
𝒚 =80
The distance covered by a car (d) is directly proportional to
the time taken (t).
The car covers 91km in 3.5 hours.
1. Write a formula which links d and t, in the form d = …
2. How far does it cover in 2.5 hours?
3. If it travels 110.5km, how long has it been travelling?

d t
d = kt
d = kt
91 = k x 3.5
So: d = 26t 91 = 3.5k
91
k = 3.5 = 26
using: d = 26t
d = 26 x 2.5
d = 65
The distance covered by a car (d) is directly proportional to
the time taken (t).
The car covers 91km in 3.5 hours.
1. Write a formula which links d and t, in the form d = …
2. How far does it cover in 2.5 hours?
3. If it travels 110.5km, how long has it been travelling?

d t
using: d = 26t
d = kt
So: d = 26t 110.5 = 26 x t
110.5 = t
26
using: d = 26t
4.25 = t
d = 26 x 2.5 = 65
In a chemistry experiment, the reaction time t is directly
proportional to the mass m of the compound present.
When the mass is 3 grams the reaction time is 0.2 seconds.
1. Write a formula which links t and m, in the form t = …
2. What is the reaction time when the mass is 8 grams?

t m

Proportional
In a chemistry experiment, the reaction time t is directly
proportional to the mass m of the compound present.
When the mass is 3 grams the reaction time is 0.2 seconds.
1. Write a formula which links t and m, in the form t = …
2. What is the reaction time when the mass is 8 grams?

t m
t = km This will be the formula when
we find the value of k

Proportionality
Constant
In a chemistry experiment, the reaction time t is directly
proportional to the mass m of the compound present.
When the mass is 3 grams the reaction time is 0.2 seconds.
1. Write a formula which links t and m, in the form t = …
2. What is the reaction time when the mass is 8 grams?

t m t = km
0.2 = k x 3
t = km
1 0.2 = 3k
So: t = 15 m 21
m k = 0.2
3 = 30 15 ≈0.067
=
or: t = 15
or: t ≈ 0.067m

using: t = 0.067m
t = 0.067 x 8 ≈ 0.53 s
Example 1
A is
directly proportional to B.
Shown as A B

When A=20 B=5

Write an equation linking A and B
A=kB
20=k x 5
20÷5=k
4=k
The final NEW equation is A=4B
 Write an equation of proportionality.
Substitute & to find .
Rewrite the equation using and substitute to find .

is directly proportional to . is directly proportional to .

= 32 when = 4 = 18 when = 2

Find the value of when = 10 Find the value of when = 7

𝒚=𝑘 𝒙 𝒚=𝑘 𝒙
32=𝑘× 4 18=𝑘× 2
8=𝑘 9=𝑘
REWRITE & SUBSTITUTE REWRITE & SUBSTITUTE

𝒚 =8 𝒙 𝒚 =9 𝒙
𝒚 =8 ×10 𝒚 =9 ×7
𝒚 =80 𝒚 =63
 Write an equation of proportionality.
Substitute & to find .
Rewrite the equation using and substitute to find .

is directly proportional to . is directly proportional to .

= 32 when = 4 = 30 when = 6

Find the value of when = 10 Find the value of when = 20

𝒚=𝑘 𝒙 𝒚=𝑘 𝒙
32=𝑘× 4 30=𝑘× 6
8=𝑘 5=𝑘
REWRITE & SUBSTITUTE REWRITE & SUBSTITUTE

𝒚 =8 𝒙 𝒚 =5 𝒙
𝒚 =8 ×10 𝒚 =5× 20
𝒚 =80 𝒚 =100
 Write an equation of proportionality.
Substitute & to find .
Rewrite the equation using and substitute to find .

is directly proportional to . is directly proportional to .

= 32 when = 4 = 15 when = 6

Find the value of when = 10 Find the value of when = 4

𝒚=𝑘 𝒙 𝒚=𝑘 𝒙
32=𝑘× 4 15=𝑘× 6
8=𝑘 2.5=𝑘
REWRITE & SUBSTITUTE REWRITE & SUBSTITUTE

𝒚 =8 𝒙 𝒚=2.5 𝒙
𝒚 =8 ×10 𝒚 =2.5 × 4
𝒚 =80 𝒚 =10
 is directly proportional to . a) When = 7 what does equal?

When = 6, = 24
𝒚 =4 𝒙
𝑦 =4 ×7
𝒚=𝑘 𝒙 𝑦 =28
24=𝑘 ×6
4 =𝑘 b) When = 36 what does equal?

𝒚 =4 𝒙 𝒚 =4 𝒙
(÷ 4)
36=4 × 𝑥(÷ 4)
Using our equation of proportionality we 9=𝑥
need to be able to find or .
c) When = 8 what does equal?
𝒚 =4 𝒙
8=4 × 𝑥
(÷ 4) (÷ 4)
2=𝑥
is directly proportional to . is directly proportional to .
= 30 when = 5 = 60 when = 5

Find the value of when = 7 Find the value of when = 3

Find the value of when = 0.5

𝒚 =6 𝒙 𝒚 =12 𝒙
When = 3, = 36
When = 7, = 42
1 2 When = 0.5, = 6

is directly proportional to . 3 4 is directly proportional to .

= 15 when = 10 = 6 when = 9

Find the value of when = 12 = 18 Find the value of when = 24 = 16

Find the value of when = 45 = 30 Find the value of when = 7 =
2
𝒚 =1.5 𝒙 𝑮=
3
𝑩 =
 Direct Proportion
a) y is directly proportional to x. If y = 55 when x = 5. Find the value of y when x = 7.

b) y is directly proportional to x. If y = 60 when x = 120. Find the value of y when x =

50.

c) y is directly proportional to x2. If y = 100 when x = 2. Find the value of y when x =

3.

d) D is proportional to S2. D = 900 when S = 20. Calculate the value of D when S = 25.

e) M is directly proportional to L3. When L = 2, M = 160. Find the value of M when L

= 3.

f) n is proportional to √m. n is 14 when m = 49. Find the value of n when m = 100.

Challenge Question
d is directly proportional to the square of t. d = 80 when t = 4.
(a) Express d in terms of t.
(b) Work out the value of d when t = 7.
Direct Proportion
Direct Proportion
Direct Proportion
Direct Proportion
Your turn … Questions
1) T is directly proportional to M. Answers
When T=20 and M=4.
Write an equation linking T and M. T=5M
2) W is directly proportional to F.
When W=45 and F=3. Show your
Write an equation linking W and F. workings!
W=15F
3) Q is directly proportional to P.
When Q=100 and P=2.
Write an equation linking Q and P. Q=50P
4) C is directly proportional to T.
When C=48 and T=6.
Write an equation linking C and T.
C=8T
 Your turn … For questions 1 to 4 you found k,
now try these.
1) T M When T=20 and M=4.
Show your
a) T when M = 3 b) M when T = 10
workings!

2) W F When W=45 and F=3.

a) W when F = 5 b) F when W = 90

3) Q P When Q=100 and P=2.

a) Q when P = 3 b) P when Q = 300

4) C T When C=48 and T=6.

a) C when T = 18 b) T when C = 232
Answers
1a) T when M = 3 b) M when T = 10
T = 15 M=2

2a) W when F = 5 b) F when W = 90

W = 75 F=6

3a) Q when P = 3 b) P when Q = 300

Q = 150 P =6

4a) C when T = 18 b) T when C = 232

C = 144 T = 29
 Worded problems:
1) The distance covered by a train is directly proportional to the
time taken for the journey. The train travels 105 miles in 3 hours.
a) What distance will the train cover in 5 hours?
b) How much time will it take for the train to cover 280 miles?

2) The cost of coal delivered to your door is directly proportional to

the weight received. When 250kg is delivered, it costs £47.50
c) How much will it cost to have 350kg delivered?
d) How much would be delivered if the cost were £33.25

EXTENSION
3) The number of children who can play safely in a playground is
directly proportional to the area of the playground. A playground
with an area of 210m² is safe for 60 children.
e) How many children can safely play in a playground of area
154m²?
f) A playgroup has 24 children. What is the smallest playground
area in which they could safely play?
 04/03/2022

Direct Proportion

L.O:- To be able to write and solve

direct proportional equations involving
squares, cubes and square roots.

• These types of questions follow the same

format as before!
• Just remember to use your steps.
Example – Square ²
A is directly proportional to the square of
B. When A=40 B=2 write an equation
linking A and B
AB2
A=kB2
40= k x 22 which is 40=k x 4
40 ÷ 4 =k
10=k
The final NEW equation is A=10B2
Example – Cube ³
A is directly proportional to the cube of B.
When A=250 B=5 write an equation
linking A and B
AB3
A=kB3
250= k x 53 which is 250=k x 125
250 ÷ 125 =k
2=k
The final NEW equation is A=2B3
Example – Square root
A is directly proportional to the square root
of B. When A=6 B=0.25 write an equation
linking A and B
A
A=k
6= k x which is 6=k x 0.5
6 ÷ 0.5 =k
12=k
The final NEW equation is A=12
 Your Turn … Questions
Answers
1. A is directly proportional to B. When A=18, B=3. 1. A=6B
Write an equation linking A and B
2. A is directly proportional to B. When A=42, B=10. 2. A=4.2B
Write an equation linking A and B
3. A is directly proportional to B2. When A=45, B=3.
Write an equation linking A and B 3. A=5B2

4. A is directly proportional to B2. When A=5, B=5.

Write an equation linking A and B 4. A=0.2B2
5. A is directly proportional to the square root of B.
When A=18, B=4. Write an equation linking A and 5. A= 9
B
6. A is directly proportional to the square root of B.
6. A=3.5
When A=35, B=100. Write an equation linking A
and B
7. A is directly proportional to the cube of B. When
A=54, B=3. Write an equation linking A and B 7. A=2B3
8. A is directly proportional to the cube of B. When
A=500, B=5. Write an equation linking A and B
8. A=4B3
 In your books complete the
questions on the sheet.

Remember to show ALL your steps!

 04/03/2022
Grade A

Inverse Proportion

L.O:- To be able to write equations that

link two variables that are inversely
proportional

GCSE Maths Revision - Direct and Inverse proportion - YouTube

Inverse proportion
The term inverse variation means the
same as inverse proportion.
Inverse proportion is when one variable is
directly proportional to the reciprocal of
another variable and the two are said to be
inversely proportional to each other.
So … as one variable increases, the other
decreases.
 Reciprocal

THINK – PAIR – SHARE

What is a reciprocal?
The reciprocal of any number (integer, fraction
or decimal) is 1 divided by the number.
Examples:
Integer: The reciprocal of 2 is … 1÷2 = = 0.5
Decimal: The reciprocal of 0.25 is … 1÷0.25 = = 4
Fraction: The reciprocal of you invert the fraction so it
becomes
 Reciprocal: STARTER
Write these as a reciprocal

a) 12 a) 0.5 a)

b) 16 b) 0.8 b)
c)
c) 20 c) 0.4
d)
d) 25 d) 0.7
e) 11 e) 0.3
 A is inversely proportional to B
A
Divide your page into three columns and ten rows
Statement Using Equation
A is inversely proportional to B A A=
Complete the table using these statements:
a) E is inversely proportional to T
b) D is inversely proportional to M
c) L is inversely proportional to P
d) R is inversely proportional to E
e) H is inversely proportional to 0.F
f) N is inversely proportional to 0.W
g) C is inversely proportional to 0.V
h) Q is inversely proportional to 0.Y
 Example 1 – Inverse proportion
Find the equation
P is inversely proportional to Q.
When P=6 Q=2 write an equation linking P and Q.
P
P =
6 =
6 x 2 = k
12 = k
The final NEW equation is P =
 Example 1 – Inverse proportion
Solve the problem
We have just calculated the general
equation P = so using this, now solve

a) P when Q = 8
P= so P = 1.5
b) Q when P = 1.5 1.5 = so Q = 8
 Example 2 – Inverse proportion
Find the equation
M is inversely proportional to R.
When M=9 R=4 write an equation linking M and R.
M
M =
9 =
9 x 4 = k
36 = k
The final NEW equation is M =
 Example 2 – Inverse proportion
Solve the problem
We have just calculated the general equation
M = so using this, now solve

a) M when R = 2 M = so M = 18

b) R when M = 3 3 = so R = 12
 In your books complete the
questions on the sheet.

Remember to show ALL your steps!

Answers