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Determiningtruthfinal 1
Determiningtruthfinal 1
A
ES
“TRUTH IS CENTRAL IN TH H Y
T H IS T HE R EA SO N W
PERSON’S QUEST FOR TRU
PHILOSOPHY EXISTS.”
D ET E R M I NING T R U TH
TRUTH, FACT, OPINION Many teachers detest the student for
his/her slackness- absences in class, missing
projects, and constant failures in exams. It is a
fact that this particular student is indeed slack,
for many evidences support the allegation.
Although oftentimes used HOWEVER, IN A SENSE, THIS CANNOT ALSO BE
synonymously, the terms fact and THE TRUTH. The said student could be
truth for many philosophers are experiencing challenges at home; difficulties in
different. coping with the class; or having personality
disorders which make him/her delinquent in
• FACT is a piece of information having objective reality which is school.
acknowledge by the greater whole.
THE FACT THAT THE STUDENT IS A SLACK MAY OR
• TRUTH is a proposition believed to be the absolute reality. MAY NOT BE THE TRUTH AT ALL.
TRUTH, FACT, OPINION Many teachers detest the student for
his/her slackness- absences in class, missing
projects, and constant failures in exams. It is a
fact that this particular student is indeed slack,
for many evidences support the allegation.
Although oftentimes used HOWEVER, IN A SENSE, THIS CANNOT ALSO BE
synonymously, the terms fact and THE TRUTH. The said student could be
truth for many philosophers are experiencing challenges at home; difficulties in
different. coping with the class; or having personality
disorders which make him/her delinquent in
• FACT is a piece of information having objective reality which is school.
acknowledge by the greater whole.
THE FACT THAT THE STUDENT IS A SLACK MAY OR
• TRUTH is a proposition believed to be the absolute reality. MAY NOT BE THE TRUTH AT ALL.
• FILIPINOS BELIEVE THAT MARCOS IS A DICTATOR. MEANWHILE, CHINESE CONTENDED THAT MARCOS IS A
HERO.
FALLA C I E S
“Aside from the truth theories presented, there are other means by which a person can
determine truth. One is by looking into fallacies (error in reasoning) in argument.”
INFORMAL FALLACIES
FORMAL FALLACIES
detectable by an examination of the content of the argument itself.
Argument against the man
detectable by an examination of the
Appeal to force
FORM of argument.
Appeal to emotion
Appeal to the popular
also known as Traditional and Symbolic
Appeal to tradition
Logic:
Begging the question
8 Rules of Syllogism
Cause-and-effect
The Square of Opposition
Fallacy of composition
Fallacy of division
Fallacy of equivocation
FALLA C I E S
“Aside from the truth theories presented, there are other means by which a person can
determine truth. One is by looking into fallacies (error in reasoning) in argument.”
8 RULES OF SYLLOGISM
FORMAL FALLACIES
a syllogism is an argument arranged in a specific manner in such a
detectable by an examination of the way that it contains a major premise, minor premise, and a
FORM of argument. conclusion.
I E S
.
C
Socrates
FALLA “Aside from the truth theories presented, there are other means by which a person can
Therefore
is a man.
, Socrates
is mortal
.
determine truth. One is by looking into fallacies (error in reasoning) in argument.”
8 RULES OF SYLLOGISM
FORMAL FALLACIES How do we determine the major premise, minor premise, and the
conclusion?
detectable by an examination of the *Major premise- the premise that contains the major term
FORM of argument. *Minor premise- the premise that contains the minor term.
*Conclusion- the third proposition whose meaning and truth are
also known as Traditional and Symbolic implied in the premises.
Logic:
8 Rules of Syllogism How do we determine the major term, minor term, and the middle term?
The Square of Opposition *Major term- the predicate of the conclusion.
*Minor term- the subject of the conclusion.
*Middle term- the remaining term which does not (and cannot)
appear in the conclusion.
FALLA C I E S
“Aside from the truth theories presented, there are other means by which a person can
determine truth. One is by looking into fallacies (error in reasoning) in argument.”
LACIES
FORMAL FAL 8 RULES OF SYLLOGISM
LACIES
FORMAL FAL 8 RULES OF SYLLOGISM
LACIES
FORMAL FAL 8 RULES OF SYLLOGISM
LACIES
FORMAL FAL 8 RULES OF SYLLOGISM
w n a s T r a ditional
also kno L o gic:
y m b o l ic
and S S yllogism
u le s o f
8R
r e of
The Squa
Opposition
FALLA C I E S
“Aside from the truth theories presented, there are other means by which a person can
determine truth. One is by looking into fallacies (error in reasoning) in argument.”
LACIES
FORMAL FAL 8 RULES OF SYLLOGISM
LACIES
FORMAL FAL 8 RULES OF SYLLOGISM
w n a s T r a ditional
also kno L o gic:
y m b o l ic
and S S yllogism
u le s o f
8R
r e of
The Squa
Opposition
FALLA C I E S
“Aside from the truth theories presented, there are other means by which a person can
determine truth. One is by looking into fallacies (error in reasoning) in argument.”
LACIES
FORMAL FAL 8 RULES OF SYLLOGISM
LACIES
FORMAL FAL 8 RULES OF SYLLOGISM
w n a s T r a ditional
also kno L o gic:
y m b o l ic
and S S yllogism
u le s o f
8R
r e of
The Squa
Opposition