CEL

The fundamental
L
unit of life
 What is a cell?
Cell is the basic , structural and fundamental
unit of life.
Cell is a latin word.it means little rooms.
Different shapes of cells
 Year , name and discovery
Year Name Discovery
1665 Robert Hooke 1st observed cell
1674 Antonie Van Leewenhoek 1st observed living cell
1831 Robert Brown Nucleus,Nucleoplasm
1839 Purkenje Protoplasm
1838,1839 Shleiden,Shwann Cell Theory
1855 Rudolf Virchow How new cells form?
1940 Knoll & Ruska Electron Microscope
---- Singer & Nicholson Mosaic model of Plasma
Membrane
 Micrographia

 It is a book written by
Robert hooke .In that book he shared some
information about cells and observing cell.
Scleiden and schwann who proposed cell theory
 Plasma membrane
 Plasma membrane is the membrane found in all
cells that separates the interior of the cell from
the outside environment. 
 Plasma membrane is also called as cell
membrane.
 Cell wall
The protective membrane around plasma
membrane is called as cell wall.
The cell wall is made up of cellulose.
Cell wall is present only in plant cell.
 Nucleus
Nucleus controls all the functions of a cell.
It is called as ‘’master of the cell’’.
Nucleus is also called as karion.
The study of nucleus is Kariology.
 CYTOPLASM
It is a fluid inside the cell.
It helps in communication between cells.
In cytoplasm , various cell organelles present.
 Endoplasmic reticulum
The endoplasmic reticulum is transportation
system of the eukaryotic cell, and has many other
important functions such as protein folding etc…
 There are two types of ER.They are:
RER-rough endoplasmic reticulum.
SER-smooth endoplasmic
reticulum.
 Mitochondria
It is called as power house of the cell because
the energy currency of the cell(ATP)
adinozyne triphosphate is produced in
mitochondria. It is produced by Cristae.
It has two membrane coverings.
It is a semiautonomous cell because it has its
own DNA and ribosomes.
 Plastid
Plastid is a membrane-bound organelle found
in the cells of plants, algae, and some other
eukaryotic organisms. There are three types
of plastids:
Chromoplast.
Leucoplast.
Chloroplast.
 Ribosomes

Ribosomes are protein factories.

They help in protein synthesis.
Ribosomes are also called as universal cell
organelle.
 Prokaryotic cells

Prokaryotic cell are single-celled

microorganisms 
These organisms are called as prokaryots.
 Eukaryotic cells

Eukaryotes are organisms whose cells have a

nucleus enclosed within a nuclear envelope.
 example of eukaryotes ; Protozoa, fungi,
plants, and animals etc……
Complete structure of the cell