Hormuud Telecom Somalia INC.

Technical division
Engineering Department

Core Network & switching Training

MSC training field

Prepared by: Eng Mohamed Hassan

January-2018
 TRAINING OBJECTIVES
 Upon completion of this training, you will be able to:
 Know MSC structure and functions.
 Know MGW basic functions
 Know HLR basic functions
 Know PSTN features and functions.
 Msoftx3000 field training

GSM SYSTEM OVERVIEW

 OBJECTIVES FOR THIS PRESENTATION
 Upon completion of this training, you will be able to:
 know GSM history
 know GSM access techniques
 know Wireless Access Evolution
 Master GSM Network structure
 know GSM Interfaces
 know GSM Call Setup
 Master the Numbering plans in GSM
 INTRODUCTION
 GSM is Abbreviation for Global System for
Mobile Communications
 It is developed in USA and Europe in the
1980’s
 Originally it designed on 900MHz frequency
range,1800MHz and 1900 MHz ranges.
 MULTIPLE ACCESS TECHNIQUE
 Multiple Access Technique allows many subscribers to use the
same communication medium.
 GSM system adopt FDD-TDMA (FDMA and TDMA together).

 Uplink and downlink signals for one user are assigned different
frequencies, this kind of technique is called Frequency Division
Duplex (FDD)
 Data for different users is conveyed in time intervals called
slots , several slots make up a frame. This kind of technique is
called Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)
 FDMA

Page 7
 FDMA uses different frequency
channels to accomplish
communication.
Frequency
 The whole frequency spectrum
available is divided into many
individual channels (for transmitting
and receiving) ， every channel can
support the traffic for one subscriber
or some control information.

Time
 TDMA

Page 8
 TDMA accomplishes the
communication in different
Frequency timeslot.
 A carrier is divided into
channels based on time.
Different signals occupy
different timeslots in certain
sequence , that is , many
signals are transmitted on the
same frequency in different
time.

Time
 WIRELESS ACCESS
EVOLUTION

Subscribers

 Broadband
 Network
Simplification
 New Services  Cost of
 Efficiency Ownership
 Voice Quality
 Portability  More Data
 Capacity Services
required
 Coverage  Data Service
 Mobility

Voice Broadband
 GSM NETWORK

PSTN
ISDN
Um Another MSC

MSC/VLR
BSC
BTS
A interface
MS A-bis MSC
interface

Um MAP interface

HLR/AUC/LR
MS
OMC SMC

Um interface
 MOBILE STATION
 The MS is connected with the network via the radio
channel. In this way, the subscribers can access the
network and obtain communication services.
 The SIM and the mobile equipment together make up the
mobile station.
 BASE STATION SUBSYSTEM
• Base Station Controller (BSC)
– Controls the channel (time slot) allocation implemented by the BTS.
– Manages the handovers within BSS area
– Knows which mobile stations are within the cell and informs the
MSC/VLR about this
• Base Transceiver System (BTS)
– Controls several transmitters
– Each transmitter has 8 time slots, some used for signaling, on a specific
frequency
 NETWORK AND SWITCHING SUBSYSTEM

 Network switching subsystem (NSS) (or GSM core

network) Is the backbone of a GSM network and is a
telephone network with additional cellular network capabilities
 Is the component of a GSM system that carries out call
switching and mobility management functions for mobile
phones roaming on the network of base stations.
 MSC: MOBILE SWITCHING CENTER

 It connects with the BSS or the UTRAN, and performs

the following control functions of the CS domain:
 Mobility management
 Security management
 Handover processing
 Signaling processing
 Call processing
 Billing processing
VISITOR LOCATION REGISTER – VLR
 Mobile Status(IMSI detached/ attached)
 Location Area Identity(LAI)
 Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity(TMSI)
 Mobile Station Roaming Number(MSRN)
 MEDIA GATEWAY
 It is the endpoint of the PSTN or the PLMN (Public
Land Mobile Network) which is connected with the
MSOFTX3000. Performs the following functions:
 Media transformation
 Bearer management
 Coding/Decoding of digital signals
 Echo cancellation
 Conference bridging
 HOME LOCATION REGISTER
 The HLR is a database for mobile subscriber
management. It stores the following information:
 Subscription information

 Subscriber status (registered/deregistered

 MS location information
 GSM INTERFACES
D
HLR
G H
VLR VLR C AUC
EIR
B F

MSC MSC
E

IWF EC EC IWF
A
TC

Um Abis
MS BTS BSC
GSM Call Setup
 AUC

 MS Mobile Station = phone + SIM card

HLR BSC  BTS Base Transceiver Station
 BSC Base Station Controller
 HLR Home Location Register
 MSC Mobile services Switching Centre
 VLR Visitor Location Register
EIR  AUC Authentication Centre
PrePaid Stand-alone or integrated in HLR
Node(IN)  EIR Equipment Identity Register
For blacklisting stolen and unwanted
MSC/VLR SMSC equipment
 SMSC Short Message Service ”Support” Centre
 VMS Voice Messaging System
INTERNET  PrePaid Node Hosting prepaid service system
VAS  IN Intelligent Network services
 PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network
 PABX Private Automatic Branch Exchange

PSTN Mobilink MSC BSC

 BSC HLR

VAS EIR

MSC SMSC
PrePaid(IN)
INTERNET

MSC BSC
PSTN PSTN PABX
Fixed Network International
 BSC HLR

VMS EIR

MSC SMSC
PrePaid
INTERNET

MSC BSC
PSTN PSTN PABX
Fixed Network International
 BSC HLR

VAS EIR

MSC SMSC
PrePaid
INTERNET

MSC BSC
PSTN PSTN PABX
Fixed Network International
 BSC HLR

VAS EIR

MSC SMSC
PrePaid
INTERNET

MSC BSC
PSTN PSTN PABX
Fixed Network International
 BSC
Base Station Controller

 The call request reaches the BSC from the BTS and
is forwarded to MSC.
 After call is established, the BSC will perform
decoding of the call (in typical config.)
 BSC HLR

VAS EIR

MSC SMSC
PrePaid
INTERNET

MSC BSC
PSTN PSTN PABX
Fixed Network International
 BSC HLR

VAS EIR

MSC SMSC
PrePaid
INTERNET

MSC BSC
PSTN PSTN PABX
Fixed Network International
 BSC HLR

VAS EIR

MSC SMSC
PrePaid
INTERNET

MSC BSC
PSTN PSTN PABX
Fixed Network International
  Checks A number.
 To whom is A subscriber calling?
(Checks B number)
 Example : A subscriber has prepaid
number.

MSC
Mobile Switching Centre
 BSC HLR

VAS EIR

MSC SMSC
PrePaid
INTERNET

MSC BSC
PSTN PSTN PABX
Fixed Network International
 BSC HLR

VAS EIR

MSC SMSC
PrePaid
INTERNET

MSC BSC
PSTN PSTN PABX
Fixed Network International
 BSC HLR

VAS EIR

MSC SMSC
PrePaid
INTERNET

MSC BSC
PSTN PSTN PABX
Fixed Network International
 Does the A subscriber have
money left on his/her account?
 When the call is established and
on-going the subscriber’s account
is decremented accordingly.

PrePaid Node
 HLR
BSC

VAS EIR

PrePaid MSC SMSC

INTERNET

MSC BSC
PSTN PSTN PABX
Fixed Network International
 HLR
BSC

VAS EIR

PrePaid MSC SMSC

INTERNET

MSC BSC
PSTN PSTN PABX
Fixed Network International
 HLR
BSC

VAS EIR

PrePaid MSC SMSC

INTERNET

MSC BSC
PSTN PSTN PABX
Fixed Network International
  Where is the B subscriber?
 MSC interrogates in HLR.
(HLR = Home Location Register)

MSC
Mobile Switching Centre
 HLR
BSC

VAS EIR

PrePaid MSC SMSC

INTERNET

MSC BSC
PSTN PSTN PABX
Fixed Network International
 HLR
BSC

VAS EIR

PrePaid MSC SMSC

INTERNET

MSC BSC
PSTN PSTN PABX
Fixed Network International
 HLR
BSC

VAS EIR

PrePaid MSC SMSC

INTERNET

MSC BSC
PSTN PSTN PABX
Fixed Network International
 HLR says ’I am the home of the B subscriber
and I know where he/she is right now’ (i.e.
which VLR)
 Tells this VLR ’Give me a visitor address
for this subscriber’ (Roaming Number)

HLR
Home Location Register
 HLR
BSC

VAS EIR

PrePaid MSC SMSC

INTERNET

MSC BSC
PSTN PSTN PABX
Fixed Network International
 HLR
BSC

VAS EIR

PrePaid MSC SMSC

INTERNET

MSC BSC
PSTN PSTN PABX
Fixed Network International
 HLR
BSC

VAS EIR

PrePaid MSC SMSC

INTERNET

MSC BSC
PSTN PSTN PABX
Fixed Network International
 HLR
BSC

VAS EIR

PrePaid MSC SMSC

INTERNET

MSC BSC
PSTN PSTN PABX
Fixed Network International
 HLR
BSC

VAS EIR

PrePaid MSC-3 SMSC

INTERNET

MSC-4 BSC
PSTN PSTN PABX
Fixed Network International
 Hosting MSC/VLR returns TEMPORARILY
assigned visitor/roaming address for B-
subscriber to HLR.

MSC
Mobile Switching Centre
 HLR
BSC

VAS EIR

PrePaid MSC SMSC

INTERNET

MSC BSC
PSTN PSTN PABX
Fixed Network International
 HLR
BSC

VAS EIR

PrePaid MSC SMSC

INTERNET

MSC BSC
PSTN PSTN PABX
Fixed Network International
 HLR
BSC

VAS EIR

PrePaid MSC SMSC

INTERNET

MSC BSC
PSTN PSTN PABX
Fixed Network International
 HLR
BSC

VAS EIR

PrePaid MSC SMSC

INTERNET

MSC BSC
PSTN PSTN PABX
Fixed Network International
 HLR
BSC

VAS EIR

PrePaid MSC SMSC

INTERNET

MSC BSC
PSTN PSTN PABX
Fixed Network International
 ’Thanks for the visitor address!’
 ’I will send this address to the MSC
that requested for it.’

HLR
Home Location Register
 HLR
BSC

VAS EIR

PrePaid MSC SMSC

INTERNET

MSC BSC
PSTN PSTN PABX
Fixed Network International
 HLR
BSC

VAS EIR

PrePaid MSC SMSC

INTERNET

MSC BSC
PSTN PSTN PABX
Fixed Network International
 HLR
BSC

VAS EIR

PrePaid MSC SMSC

INTERNET

MSC BSC
PSTN PSTN PABX
Fixed Network International
 ’Thank you, HLR!’
 Speech connection path will set up
now towards the MSC/VLR where the
B subscriber is presently located.

MSC
Mobile Switching Centre
 HLR
BSC

VAS EIR

PrePaid MSC SMSC

INTERNET

MSC BSC
PSTN PSTN PABX
Fixed Network International
 HLR
BSC

VAS EIR

PrePaid MSC SMSC

INTERNET

MSC BSC
PSTN PSTN PABX
Fixed Network International
 HLR
BSC

VAS EIR

PrePaid MSC SMSC

INTERNET

MSC BSC
PSTN PSTN PABX
Fixed Network International
 Sets up a speech connection towards BSC.
 Delivers B-subscriber ID to BSC and asks
to page for the subscriber using that ID.

MSC
Mobile Switching Centre
 HLR
BSC

VAS EIR

PrePaid MSC SMSC

INTERNET

MSC BSC
PSTN PSTN PABX
Fixed Network International
 HLR
BSC

VAS EIR

PrePaid MSC SMSC

INTERNET

MSC BSC
PSTN PSTN PABX
Fixed Network International
 HLR
BSC

VAS EIR

PrePaid MSC SMSC

INTERNET

MSC BSC
PSTN PSTN PABX
Fixed Network International
 BSC now sends a PAGING MESSAGE to all the BTSs that it
covers/controls.
 Carrys PAGING RESPONSE from called MS back to MSC.
 Allocates a RADIO channel through a BTS with best
available and allowable SIGNAL STRENGTH for called MS.
 Performs SPEECH CODING when call is established.

BSC
Base Station Controller
 HLR
BSC

VAS EIR

PrePaid MSC SMSC

INTERNET

MSC BSC
PSTN PSTN PABX
Fixed Network International