The Molecules of Life

The cell is a highly organized structure.

Level 4: Level 3: Level 2: Level 1:

Cell Subcellular parts Macromolecules Monomers
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 Identify the labeled
molecules.
There are four main classes of biomolecules.
subunits: monomers

polymers
Carbohydrate Lipid Protein Nucleic Acid
1 2 3 4

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Remember this Biomolecules are organic compounds made of
carbon and hydrogen atoms linked by covalent
bonds.

Glucose Triacylglycerol

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Remember this Biomolecules are organic compounds made of
carbon and hydrogen atoms linked by covalent
bonds.

Amino acid Nucleotide

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What processes
are involved in
the synthesis and
digestion of
biomolecules?

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 Unscramble the Dehydration synthesis puts together monomers to
letters to identify
the name of the form polymers using covalent bonds, while
process. releasing water as byproduct.

trayhoeidnd
tssihesny

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 Unscramble the Polymers are broken down into monomers during
letters to identify
the name of the hydrolysis where water is inserted across the bonds.
process.

syhldisroy

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Remember this Simple carbohydrates (monosaccharides) are quick
source of energy because these are easily
metabolized (broken down). They link to form
disaccharides.

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 Match the sugar subunits
linked to form the glucose+ fructose glucose+ glucose galactose + glucose
corresponding disaccharides.

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Remember this Complex carbohydrates (polysaccharides) are
made by linking several monosaccharides. Among
the most abundant polysaccharides in nature are
starch, glycogen, cellulose and chitin.

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starch
Identify the polysaccharide
made by linking glucose
monomers and serve as the
chief form of stored energy in
plants.

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 Identify the polysaccharide
cellulose made by linking 3000 or more
glucose units and serve as
the basic structural
component of plant cell wall.

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Identify the function of the
labelled polysaccharide.

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exoskeleton
Identify the polysaccharide found in
the labelled structures.

fungal cell wall

chitin
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What are the
functions of
carbohydrates?

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Remember this Lipids include a diverse group of compounds that
are largely nonpolar (hydrophobic) in nature. They
include fats, oils, waxes, phospholipids and
steroids.

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 Remember this Fat molecules are made of two main components:
glycerol and fatty acids.

Fatty acids may be saturated or unsaturated.

Glycerol Fatty Acid Triacylglycerol ( or Triglycerides)

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Give examples of saturated and unsaturated fats.

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Remember this Waxes prevent water loss in plants, and provide
waterproof coating among animals.

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Remember this Steroids , unlike other lipids, have fused ring
structure. These include cholesterol and cortisol.

Cholesterol is synthesized in the liver.

a. Component of cell membrane
b. Synthesis of bile and neurotransmitters
c. Precursor for biochemical pathways

Cortisol is synthesized in the adrenal glands.

a. Primary stress hormone
b. Control blood sugar level and regulate metabolism
c. Associated with memory formulation and fetal
development
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Remember this Phospholipids are major components of plasma
membranes responsible for its dynamic nature.

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Remember this Proteins are one of the most abundant organic
molecules among organisms and have the most
diverse functions including:

a. Structural
b. Regulatory
c. Protective
d. Transport
e. Storage

Collagen provides strength and structure to connective tissues, including

those found on the skin. Decline in collagen can result in skin losing its
elasticity and support.

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Remember this There are 20 common amino acids present in
proteins. The sequence and number of amino acids
determine the protein’s shape, size and function.

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What are the
different levels of
protein
structures?

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Watch: What is a Protein?

Complete the statement.

Primary structure
1. _____________________________ is the linear sequence of amino acids as
encoded by the DNA. This sequence defines how the protein will fold, and
therefore define its function.
Hydrogen bonds
2. _____________________________ between amino acids form two particularly
stable structural elements in proteins: alpha helices and
beta pleated sheets
_____________________________.
Alpha helices are the basic structural elements in the transport protein
hemoglobin
_____________________________.
3. Many functional proteins fold into a compact
_____________________________with
global structure many carbon - rich amino acids sheltered
inside away from the surrounding water.
4. Two or more polypeptide chains can come together to form one functional
molecule with several subunits. This refers to the 31
Remember this Nucleic acids are important as information
carrying molecules. These are also associated with
protein synthesis and gene expression. There are
two major types:

1. Deoxyribonucleic acid
2. Ribonucleic acid

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Complete the chart Type Examples Functions
using the terms
listed below. Breaks down nutrients to its
enzyme amylase, pepsin
smaller units

hemoglobin transport hemoglobin Carry oxygen throughout the body

immunoglobulin structural actin, tubulin Components of cytoskeleton

cell movement Coordinate different body systems’

hormone thyroxine, insulin
activity

hormone defense immunoglobin Protect the body from pathogens

enzyme contractile actin, myosin cell movement

Provide nourishment for embryonic

storage albumin
structural development
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Worksheet 4: What’s on the Mind Diet?

What do you think is the ideal diet for brain health?

How does this diet benefit the brain?

Watch: Brain Health and Nutrition

Task
1. Research a diet plan for a student trying to memorize and understand a lot
information. List 5 food items based on the diet plan.
2. Identify the essential nutrients in each food item and describe how they
benefit the brain.

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Compare the DNA
and RNA.

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Worksheet 4: What’s on the Mind Diet?

What do you think is the ideal diet for brain health?

How does this diet benefit the brain?

Post - Activity Discussion

1. Prepare your accomplished worksheets.
2. Present your diet plan for brain health to the class.

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 DIET PLAN FOR BRAIN HEALTH
Andres Bonifacio

Example: Diet Plan for Brain Health

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What’s on the Mind Diet | Discussion of Answers
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