Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Manajemen Mutu Pendidikan
Manajemen Mutu Pendidikan
DEFINISI:
Absolut = baik, indah, benar.
Relatif = *diukur menurut kriteria/
standard
Menurut standard Produk / Jasa:( Sallis p.16)
Conformance to specification
Fitness for purpose or use
Zero defects
Right first time, every time
Menurut standard Pelanggan ( Customer)
Customer Satisfaction
Exceeding customer expectations
Delighting the Customer 1
Definisi RELATIF dari kualitas
• BAGI PRODUK/JASA:
sesuai spesifikasi atau standar;
tidak cacat;
cocok untuk tujuan, untuk digunakan;
baik dari permulaan hingga akhir.
* BAGI PELANGGAN:
Memuaskan pelanggan;
melampaui harapan pelanggan;
menyenangkan pelanggan.
2
Difference between service and
manufacturing sector
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sr. Characteristic Service Manufacturing
No.________________________________________________________________
1. Customer contact Direct Through channels
2. Machine/ instrument Limited Extensive
control
3. Transaction Large volume of Small volume of
paper work involving paper work involving
low amount of high amount of
money money
4. Scope of making errors More Less
5. Tangibility Mostly intangible Tangible
6. Customer preparation Customer doesn’t Detailed specific-
prepare any former ations are prepared
specifications
7. Customer involvement Direct, Dynamic Indirect
8. Focus Human factor Product quality
9. Indicators of Quality Customer complaints/ Quality standards
declining sales specifications
Total Quality
Management
continuous improvement/
perbaikan berkelanjutan
Quality
assurance
Prevention/
Quality mencegah
control
Detection/
menemukan
Inspection/inspeksi
6
PENDIDIKAN DAN CUSTOMERNYA
7
Management
System
TQM
ent
us
ple
wit aking
n
s
r
for ect
ctio
act
Imp tinuo
sat tome
em
Peo
p
hF
rov
isfa
Res
n
s
Sp
Cu
Co
MANAGEMENT
STRATEGY PROCESS PROJECT INDIV.TAS
PLANNING
STRATEGY PROCESS PROJECT QUALITY
8
SOURCE: LEWIS, Total Quality in Higher Education, p. 7
Rumah Kualitas (House of Quality)
9
BEBERAPA SALAH PAHAM
TENTANG TQM/MMT
• TQM bukan sesuatu yang dipaksakan dari
luar.
10
SISTEM PNDIDIKAN
Resources
Komponen Input Komponennya
Main
Process Output Outcome
Input
Lulusan Bekerja/
Learners
Enviromental Melanjut
Input kan
Feed back
12
Standard (minimal) Pendidikan
ORGANISASI
Philip Crosby’s “QUALITY IS FREE.”= savings from quality programs pay for
themselves.
ZERO DEFECT: things are always done in the right way first time and every
time.
Crosby’s 14 steps Improvement Program:1)Management Commitment;
2)Quality Improvement Team; 3)Quality Measurement; 4)The Cost of Quality;
5)Quality Awareness; 6)Corrective Action; 7)Zero Defects Planning ;
8)Supervisor Training; 9)Zero Defects Day; 10)Goal Setting; 11)Error- Cause
Removal; 12)Recognition; 13)Quality Councils; 14)Do It Over Again. 17
Gurus Tom Peters & Kaoru Ishikawa
Tom Peters books: In Search of Excellence (1982); A Passion
for Excellence (1985); Thriving on Chaos (1987) and Liberation
Management (1992).
‘Leadership is central to quality improvement’. Hand-on
leadership styles: the characteristics: Managing By Walking
About (MBWA): -listening to staff, which shows that he/she
cares; -teaching and transmitting values; - Facilitating and
giving on-the-spot help and advice.
12 Attributes, or traits, of the quality revolution that all
organizations need to pursue: 1)a management obsession with
quality, 2) Passionate system, 3)measurement of quality, 4)
quality is rewarded, 5)everyone is trained for quality, 6)multi-
function teams, 7)Small is beautiful, 8)create endless
‘Hawthorn effects’, 9)parallel org.structure devoted to qua. Im-
provement,10)everyone is involved, 11)when qua. goes up,
costs go down, and 12)qua. Improvement is a never ending
journey.
Kaoru Ishikawa’s book: What is Total Quality Control? The 18
Japanese Way (1985). He is famous for his ‘Quality Circle’.
KEPEMIMPINAN PENDIDIKAN
ATTRIBUT SEORANG PEMIMPIN PENDIDIKAN, mnurut Tom Peters,
adalah:
• Memiliki Visi dan Simbol
• Manajemen dengan Berjalan Keliling.Management By Walking About
(MBWA)
• “Untuk Anak/ Siswa’
• Otonomi, eksperimen, dan bantuan bagi kegagalan
• Membangun rasa ‘kekeluargaan’
• Rasa kebersamaan/keutuhan, ritme,pengorbanan, intensitas, dan
antusiasme.
Komitmen terhadap kualitas haruslah menjadi peran utama dari setiap
pemimpin. Keberhasilan dalam TQM pendidikan membutuhkan
kepemimpinan yang kuat dengan tujuan yang mantap.
Biasanya manajer pada org.non-TQM menghabiskan 30% waktunya untuk mengurus
19
kegagalan sistem, keluhan-keluhan, dan ‘fire-fighting’. Waktu itu dapat digunakan
manajer pd org.TQM utk memimpin, merencanakan, membangun idea baru, serta
PERAN PEMIMPIN DALAM MEMBANGUN
BUDAYA KUALITAS
Tidak ada daftar yang lengkap seluruhnya, tetapi attribut berikut ini seharusnya
dilaksanakan oleh setiap pemimpin , yaitu::
• punya suatu visi untuk institusi
1. Mengutamakan
Pelanggan
3. Ketelibatan Karyawan
Perencanaan Strategi
Berkesinambungan
2. Kepemimpinan
6. Peningkatan
4. Pendekatan Proses
5. Pendekatan Sistem
untuk
Pengelolaan
8. Hubungan Saling
Menguntungkan dengan Pemasok 21
Balrdrige Education Criteria for Performance Excellence
Frameworks: A System Perspective
Organizational Profile
Environment, Relationships, and Challenges
2 5
Strategic Faculty and
Planning Staff Focus
7
1 Organizational
Leadership Performance
3 Results
Student, 6
Stakeholder, Process
and Management
Market Focus
4
Information and Analysis 22
EUROPEAN FOUNDATION OF QUALITY
MANAGEMENT (EFQM)
• THE NINE CITERIA OF EFQM
People People
Manage- Satisfac-
tion
ment
Resources Impact on
Society
23
Menetapkan Patokduga(Benchmarking), Studibanding
24
PENGUKURAN (MEASUREMENT)
• AN INSTRUMENT FOR SELF-AUDITING (SELF-
ASSESSING EDCATIONAL INSTITUTONS)
• -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
• Quality Idicators
• 1.Access (5%)
• 2.Services to customers (5%)
• 3.Leadership (15%)
• 4.Physical enviroment and resources (5%)
• 5.Effective learning and teaching (20%)
• 6.Students (15%)
• 7.Staff (15%)
• 8.External relations (5%)
• 9.Organization (5%)
• 10.Standards (10%)
25