E A R LY P R O B L E M S O F P A K I S T A N

CONTENTS

• UNJUST AWARD BY SIR • PROBLEM OF TRANSFER OF

RADCLIFFE GOVERNMENT SERVANTS
• ADMINISTRATIVE PROBLEMS • CONSITUTIONAL PROBLEM
• ARRIVAL OF REFUGEES • ECONOMICAL PROBLEM
• DIVISION OF ASSETS • PROBLEM OF KASHMIR
• DIVISION OF ARMED FORCES • ENMITY OF INDIA
• CANAL WATER PROBLEM • PROBLEM OF PAKHTUNISTAN
• PROBLEM OF STATES • DEATH OF QUAID-E-AZAM
 • Muslim and Non-Muslim majority areas.
• Tehsils and Headworks given to INDIA.
Three Tehsils of District Guurdaspur namely Pakistan Kot, Batala and Gurdaspur
and the Tehsil Zeera of District Ferozpur were included in India.

UNJUST .The Two Head Works Ferozepur head works and Madhopur head works
constructed on the land of West Punjab were also handed over the India.
AWA R D B Y • Route to Jammu & Kashmir.
SIR Gurdaspur was a district contiguous to Pakistan. Out of its four Sub-District
RADCLIFF: Gurdaspur, Batala and shakergarh were the Muslim majority and Pathankot was a
non-Muslim majority sub-district. At the time of partition, the only rail and road
communication between India and Kashmir was possible through the district of
Gurdaspur, if Radcliff had only awarded the Hindu majority sub-district of
Pathankot to India still it would not have had access to the state of Kashmir; by
assigning two Muslim majority sub-district of Baal and Gurdaspur Radcliff
provided India a link with Kashmir. In 1948 India entered its forces in Kashmir
through Gurdaspur and annexed the state to India.
A D M I N I S T R AT I V E P R O B L E M S

DESTRUCTION ALL OFFICES START FROM

OF RECORDS. WERE BEGINNING
DESTROYED.
 A R R I VA L O F R E F U G E E S

• Refugees migrating from India

• A large number of Muslim families.

The number of the Muslims who finally crossed the border was more than 1,25,00,000

• Stay in shelters.

• Increasing responsibilities for administration

 DIVISION OF ASSETS

Unjust behavior of Paid installment.

Congress.
At the time of division
there was cash balance of 4
billion rupees in the reserve
Bank of India
Total share of Pakistan.
The share of Pakistan was
750 million rupees.
First installment of 200
millions issued at once, but
remaining amount was
delayed illegally.

Interference of Gandhi.
Gandhi interfered in the matter
and partial payment of 500
millions was released. The
balance of 50 million has not
been paid by India so far.
 • Ratio of division.
It was decided that all military assets would be divided between the two
states at the ratio of 64% and 36%.
• Division of ordinance factories.
16 ordinance factories were producing weapons in the sub-continent at
DIVISION the time of partition. Not a single factory was situated in the area of
Muslim majority. Indian Cabinet refused to shift any of the 16 factories
OF ARMED to Pakistan. It was decided after long discussions and deliberations that
FORCES India would make payment of 60 million rupees to Pakistan.
• Field Marshal Claude Auchinleck resigned.
Field Marshal Auchinluck resigned from his office because of the
negative and non-cooperative attitude of the Indian government. The
resignation further complicated the issue. This is how Pakistan was
deprived of her legal and just share in military hardware. Any way all the
soldiers were given the option to join either of the two for The Muslims
expressed their desire to join Pakistan Army
 • India decided to make dam and barrages in April 1948.
• Ferozepur and Madhopur head-works.
It handed over the control over two important head works over river
Ravi (Madhupure Head works) and Sutlej (Ferozpure Head works)
to India. India proved it by stopping the flow of water in 1948.
CANAL
• Indus-Basin treaty.
WA T E R
The Treaty was signed at Karachi by Field Marshal Mohammad
PROBLEM Ayub Khan, the then President of Pakistan, Shri Jawaharlal Nehru,
the then Indian Prime Minister and Mr. W.A.B. Illif of the World
Bank on 19th September 1960. Pakistan conceded three rivers
(Ravi, Sutluj Bias) to India and reciprocally India left its claim on
the waters of rivers Jhelum, Chenab and Sindh.
P R O B L E M O F S TAT E S

India took
Number of Option to join control by
Kashmir
states. any country. force of four
states

Hayderabad Junagargh Monarader

• Option of selecting any country.
• Transfer of administrative
machinery.
• Tata Orient airways and
“Operation Pakistan”

PROBLEM OF TRANSFER OF
G O V E R N M E N T S E R VA N T S
CONSITUTIONAL PROBLEM
No constitution at the time of
independence.
Modifications in 1935 Constitution of
INDIA
Effect of Lack of constitution
 • Division of factories.
At the time of demarcation of sub-continent there were
400 different industries or factories but un-accidentally
only 14 factories given to Pakistan

ECONOMIC • Agricultural area given to India.

AL • Mineral producing area given to India.
PROBLEM • Division of Factories and Agricultural areas
GEOGRAPHICAL
PROBLEM
• Two major parts of PAKISTAN.

• Linkage between Eastern and Western PAKISTAN.

• Distance between these areas.

 Biggest state of Sub-Continent.
PROBLEM
OF Population in 1941.
KASHMIR
Religious, Cultural and
Geographical resemblance with
PAKISTAN.
 Congress Opposing
Pakistan.

ENMITY OF Comfort of Lord

INDIA Mount Batten.

Causes of War of
1948,1965 & 1971
 • Claim of Afghanistan.

• Enmity from Afghanistan.

P R O B L E M O F PA K H T U N I S TA N
D E AT H O F
QUAID-E-
AZAM
• Countless efforts of Quaid-e-Azam

• 1st Governor General of PAKISTAN.

• Death Of Quaid-e-Azam

• Best kept political secret of 20th

Century